Friess Karel, Izák Pavel, Kárászová Magda, Pasichnyk Mariia, Lanč Marek, Nikolaeva Daria, Luis Patricia, Jansen Johannes Carolus
Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Rozvojová 135, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Jan 30;11(2):97. doi: 10.3390/membranes11020097.
Ionic liquids have attracted the attention of the industry and research community as versatile solvents with unique properties, such as ionic conductivity, low volatility, high solubility of gases and vapors, thermal stability, and the possibility to combine anions and cations to yield an almost endless list of different structures. These features open perspectives for numerous applications, such as the reaction medium for chemical synthesis, electrolytes for batteries, solvent for gas sorption processes, and also membranes for gas separation. In the search for better-performing membrane materials and membranes for gas and vapor separation, ionic liquids have been investigated extensively in the last decade and a half. This review gives a complete overview of the main developments in the field of ionic liquid membranes since their first introduction. It covers all different materials, membrane types, their preparation, pure and mixed gas transport properties, and examples of potential gas separation applications. Special systems will also be discussed, including facilitated transport membranes and mixed matrix membranes. The main strengths and weaknesses of the different membrane types will be discussed, subdividing them into supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs), poly(ionic liquids) or polymerized ionic liquids (PILs), polymer/ionic liquid blends (physically or chemically cross-linked 'ion-gels'), and PIL/IL blends. Since membrane processes are advancing as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional separation processes, having shown promising results for complex new separation challenges like carbon capture as well, they may be the key to developing a more sustainable future society. In this light, this review presents the state-of-the-art of ionic liquid membranes, to analyze their potential in the gas separation processes of the future.
离子液体作为具有独特性质的多功能溶剂，如离子导电性、低挥发性、对气体和蒸汽的高溶解性、热稳定性以及将阴离子和阳离子结合以产生几乎无穷无尽的不同结构的可能性，已引起了工业界和研究界的关注。这些特性为众多应用开辟了前景，例如作为化学合成的反应介质、电池的电解质、气体吸附过程的溶剂以及气体分离的膜。在寻找性能更优的膜材料以及用于气体和蒸汽分离的膜的过程中，离子液体在过去十五年中受到了广泛研究。本综述全面概述了离子液体膜领域自首次引入以来的主要发展情况。它涵盖了所有不同的材料、膜类型、它们的制备方法、纯气体和混合气体的传输性质以及潜在气体分离应用的实例。还将讨论特殊系统，包括促进传输膜和混合基质膜。将讨论不同膜类型的主要优缺点，并将它们细分为支撑离子液体膜（SILMs）、聚离子液体或聚合离子液体（PILs）、聚合物/离子液体共混物（物理或化学交联的“离子凝胶”）以及PIL/IL共混物。由于膜过程作为传统分离过程的一种节能替代方法正在不断发展，并且在诸如碳捕获等复杂的新分离挑战方面也已显示出有前景的结果，它们可能是发展更可持续未来社会的关键。有鉴于此，本综述介绍了离子液体膜的最新技术，以分析它们在未来气体分离过程中的潜力。
