Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA.
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
Med Sci (Basel). 2021 Jan 30;9(1):5. doi: 10.3390/medsci9010005.
Non-Hodgins's lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematological malignancy worldwide, accounting for nearly 3% of cancer diagnoses and deaths. NHL is the seventh most prevalent cancer and has the sixth highest mortality among cancers in the US. NHL accounts for 4% of US cancer diagnoses, and incidence has increased 168% since 1975 (while survival has improved 158%). NHL is more common among men, those >65 years old, and those with autoimmune disease or a family history of hematological malignancies. NHL is a heterogenous disease, with each subtype associated with different risk factors. Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is strongly associated with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is most associated with celiac disease. Occupational exposures among farm workers or painters increases the risk of most of the common subtypes. Prior radiation treatment, obesity, and smoking are most highly associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), while breast implants have been rarely associated with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). Infection with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is strongly associated with endemic Burkitts lymphoma. HIV and human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), is predisposed to several subtypes of DLBCL, and human T-cell lymphoma virus (HTLV-1) is a causative agent of T-cell lymphomas. Obesity and vitamin D deficiency worsen NHL survival. Atopic diseases and alcohol consumption seem to be protective against NHL.
非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）是全球最常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤，占癌症诊断和死亡人数的近 3%。NHL 是美国第七大常见癌症，死亡率在癌症中排名第六。NHL 占美国癌症诊断的 4%，自 1975 年以来，发病率增加了 168%（而生存率提高了 158%）。NHL 在男性、>65 岁人群以及患有自身免疫性疾病或血液系统恶性肿瘤家族史的人群中更为常见。NHL 是一种异质性疾病，每种亚型都与不同的危险因素相关。边缘区淋巴瘤（MZL）与干燥综合征（SS）和桥本甲状腺炎强烈相关，而外周 T 细胞淋巴瘤（PTCL）则与乳糜泻最相关。农场工人或油漆工的职业暴露会增加大多数常见亚型的风险。既往放射治疗、肥胖和吸烟与弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）的相关性最高，而乳房植入物与间变性大细胞淋巴瘤（ALCL）的相关性很少。感染 Epstein-Barr 病毒（EBV）与地方性 Burkitts 淋巴瘤强烈相关。HIV 和人疱疹病毒 8（HHV-8）易患几种亚型的 DLBCL，人 T 细胞淋巴瘤病毒（HTLV-1）是 T 细胞淋巴瘤的致病因子。肥胖和维生素 D 缺乏会降低 NHL 的生存率。特应性疾病和饮酒似乎对 NHL 有保护作用。
