Vona Rosa, Pallotta Lucia, Cappelletti Martina, Severi Carola, Matarrese Paola
Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Jan 30;10(2):201. doi: 10.3390/antiox10020201.
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant systems has been extensively studied in pulmonary, neurodegenerative cardiovascular disorders; however, its contribution is still debated in gastrointestinal disorders. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress affects gastrointestinal motility in obesity, and post-infectious disorders by favoring the smooth muscle phenotypic switch toward a synthetic phenotype. The aim of this review is to gain insight into the role played by oxidative stress in gastrointestinal pathologies (GIT), and the involvement of ROS in the signaling underlying the muscular alterations of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In addition, potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of antioxidants for the treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases are reviewed and discussed. Although substantial progress has been made in identifying new techniques capable of assessing the presence of oxidative stress in humans, the biochemical-molecular mechanisms underlying GIT mucosal disorders are not yet well defined. Therefore, further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms through which oxidative stress-related signaling can contribute to the alteration of the GIT mucosa in order to devise effective preventive and curative therapeutic strategies.
越来越多的证据表明，氧化应激在许多疾病的发病机制和进展中起着至关重要的作用。活性氧（ROS）生成与抗氧化系统之间的失衡已在肺部、神经退行性心血管疾病中得到广泛研究；然而，其在胃肠道疾病中的作用仍存在争议。有证据表明，氧化应激通过促使平滑肌表型向合成表型转变，影响肥胖和感染后疾病中的胃肠动力。本综述的目的是深入了解氧化应激在胃肠道疾病（GIT）中的作用，以及ROS在胃肠道（GIT）肌肉改变的信号传导中的参与情况。此外，还对基于使用抗氧化剂治疗炎症性胃肠道疾病的潜在治疗策略进行了综述和讨论。尽管在识别能够评估人类氧化应激存在的新技术方面取得了重大进展，但GIT黏膜疾病的生化分子机制尚未完全明确。因此，需要进一步研究以阐明氧化应激相关信号传导导致GIT黏膜改变的机制，从而制定有效的预防和治疗策略。
