Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, 08023 Barcelona, Spain.
CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jan 30;18(3):1256. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18031256.
: The objective of this paper is to analyze social inequalities in COVID-19 incidence, stratified by age, sex, geographical area, and income in Barcelona during the first two waves of the pandemic. : We collected data on COVID-19 cases confirmed by laboratory tests during the first two waves of the pandemic (1 March to 15 July and 16 July to 30 November, 2020) in Barcelona. For each wave and sex, we calculated smooth cumulative incidence by census tract using a hierarchical Bayesian model. We analyzed income inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19, categorizing the census tracts into quintiles based on the income indicator. : During the two waves, women showed higher COVID-19 cumulative incidence under 64 years, while the trend was reversed after that threshold. The incidence of the disease was higher in some poor neighborhoods. The risk ratio (RR) increased in the poorest groups compared to the richest ones, mainly in the second wave, with RR being 1.67 (95% Credible Interval-CI-: 1.41-1.96) in the fifth quintile income group for men and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.44-1.99) for women. : Our results indicate the existence of inequalities in the incidence of COVID-19 in an urban area of Southern Europe.
本文旨在分析巴塞罗那在疫情前两波期间（2020 年 3 月 1 日至 7 月 15 日和 7 月 16 日至 11 月 30 日），按年龄、性别、地理区域和收入对 COVID-19 发病率的社会不平等进行分析。
我们收集了巴塞罗那在疫情前两波期间（2020 年 3 月 1 日至 7 月 15 日和 7 月 16 日至 11 月 30 日）通过实验室检测确诊的 COVID-19 病例数据。对于每一波和每一种性别，我们使用分层贝叶斯模型按普查区计算了平滑累积发病率。我们根据收入指标将普查区分为五等份，分析了 COVID-19 发病率的收入不平等。
在两波疫情中，女性在 64 岁以下的 COVID-19 累积发病率较高，而在这一年龄段之后，这一趋势发生了逆转。一些贫困社区的疾病发病率较高。与最富裕群体相比，最贫困群体的风险比（RR）增加，主要是在第二波疫情中，男性第五收入组的 RR 为 1.67（95%可信区间-CI-：1.41-1.96），女性的 RR 为 1.71（95% CI：1.44-1.99）。
我们的研究结果表明，在南欧的一个城市地区，COVID-19 的发病率存在不平等现象。
