Santibáñez-H G, Schroeder H
Institut für Physiologie des Bereichs Medizin (Charite), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, German Democratic Republic.
Pavlov J Biol Sci. 1988 Jan-Mar;23(1):15-21. doi: 10.1007/BF02910540.
This study is to compare heart reactivity between normals and anxiety neurotic patients. Five male and five female patients with anxiety neurosis and four male and five female normal persons were submitted to classic delayed conditional reflexes with different probabilities of reinforcement (shock), to a defensive instrumental conditional reflex, and to a neutral nonreinforced stimulus. The basal heart frequency was higher in neurotics and in women than in normals and men. The conditional stimulus (CS) associated with a shock generally produced a bradycardia in normal individuals and in neurotic men, but a tachycardia in neurotic women (effects most pronounced in cases with 100% shock probability). The instrumental CS caused a tachycardia in all of the groups, with highest values in neurotic women. The neutral stimulus produced bradycardia in all persons. The aftereffect of the light stimulus depended on whether a shock was administered and on the CS. The differences between neurotics and normals are explained as caused by the heightened excitatory level of the CNS of the neurotic group, produced by the unspecific activating effect of chronic anxiety, and differences of plastic processes in both groups, resulting in different effects of phasic anxiety on the heart. Complex inhibitory-excitatory interactions of the sympathetic and the vagal system underlying the heart rate changes may be assumed. Possible mechanisms leading to sex differences are discussed.
本研究旨在比较正常人与焦虑神经症患者的心脏反应性。选取五名男性和五名女性焦虑神经症患者以及四名男性和五名女性正常人，让他们接受具有不同强化概率（电击）的经典延迟条件反射、防御性工具性条件反射以及中性非强化刺激。神经症患者和女性的基础心率高于正常人和男性。与电击相关的条件刺激（CS）通常会使正常个体和神经症男性出现心动过缓，但会使神经症女性出现心动过速（在电击概率为100%的情况下效果最为明显）。工具性条件刺激在所有组中均引起心动过速，其中神经症女性的数值最高。中性刺激在所有人中均引起心动过缓。光刺激的后效取决于是否施加电击以及条件刺激。神经症患者与正常人之间的差异被解释为是由慢性焦虑的非特异性激活作用导致神经症组中枢神经系统兴奋性水平升高，以及两组中可塑性过程的差异，从而导致阶段性焦虑对心脏产生不同影响所致。可以假定心率变化背后存在交感神经和迷走神经系统复杂的抑制 - 兴奋相互作用。文中讨论了导致性别差异的可能机制。
