DEPARTMENT OFNEUROLOGY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE WITH THE DIVISION OF DENTISTRY IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND.
DEPARTMENT OF UROLOGY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE WITH THE DIVISION OF DENTISTRY IN ZABRZE, MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA, ZABRZE, POLAND.
Wiad Lek. 2020;73(12 cz 1):2677-2682.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmunological condition of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting mainly young adult individuals. The prevalence ranges approximately between 50 and 300 per 100000 individuals. It is characterized by an inflammatory process, demyelination and axonal loss. Immunological mechanisms resulting in the damage to the myelin sheath effecting then in impaired nerve impulse conduction have the key role in MS pathogenesis. The role of inflammatory factors has also been proved. However, it has not been explicitly shown whether such an inflammatory process is the triggering factor or secondary to a yet unknown infectious factor or a degenerative process of the CNS. Therefore, recognition of the epigenetic risk factors, such as: geographical latitude, vitamin D level, hygiene hypothesis, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and others may contribute to better understanding of the mechanism underlying multiple sclerosis. Additionally, they may provide guidelines for more efficient therapies and better prevention of the disease. Aim of this review is to present most current data on multiple sclerosis risk factors, considering those less known.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种影响主要是年轻成年人的中枢神经系统（CNS）的慢性自身免疫性疾病。其患病率约为每 100000 人中有 50 至 300 人。其特征是炎症过程、脱髓鞘和轴突丢失。导致髓鞘损伤从而影响神经冲动传导的免疫机制在多发性硬化症的发病机制中起关键作用。炎症因子的作用也已得到证实。然而，尚未明确表明这种炎症过程是触发因素还是继发于未知的感染因素或 CNS 的退行性过程。因此，识别表观遗传危险因素，如：地理纬度、维生素 D 水平、卫生假说、EB 病毒（EBV）感染等，可能有助于更好地了解多发性硬化症的发病机制。此外，它们还可以为更有效的治疗方法和更好地预防疾病提供指导。本文旨在介绍多发性硬化症危险因素的最新数据，同时考虑到一些不太为人所知的因素。
