Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri", Via Appia Nuova, 1411, 00178 Roma, Italy.
Viruses. 2021 Feb 10;13(2):272. doi: 10.3390/v13020272.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly lethal contagious viral pathogen mainly found in domestic and wild canids and mustelids. Although, in Italy, circulating strains of Europe 1, Europe wildlife and Arctic type are reported, data relating to Latium and Tuscany regions are limited. In view of this, through passive surveillance, we investigated the presence of CDV and which strains were circulating in these Regions. From March 2017 to October 2019, a group of 122 subjects were tested for CDV using a PCR protocol described in the literature, with 12 detected positive; analyses were carried out on a set of target samples (brain and lung, conjunctival, nasal and rectal swabs, urine or swab from bladder and intracardiac clot) that was defined for the detection of CDV in both live and dead animals. The rectal swab, easily collected also from live animals, represented the most suitable sample for CDV diagnosis, with 9 positive of the 11 (81.82%) tested. In addition, brain and lung of 15 subjects out of 181 susceptible animals collected between 2011 and 2018, during post mortem investigations in routine diagnostic activity, were CDV positive. Molecular analyses of all positive samples, using a 287 bp fragment located within the conserved N terminus of the morbillivirus nucleoprotein gene, detected the circulation of strain CDV599/2016 (KX545421.1) belonging to the "Europe wildlife" lineage, and of strain CDV12254/2015 (KX024709.1), belonging to the Arctic-lineage, thus confirming the co-circulation of the two lineages, as already noted in previous studies.
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）是一种高度致命的传染性病毒病原体，主要存在于家养和野生犬科和鼬科动物中。尽管在意大利报告了欧洲 1 型、欧洲野生动物型和北极型的流行毒株，但与拉齐奥和托斯卡纳地区相关的数据有限。有鉴于此，我们通过被动监测，调查了这些地区 CDV 的存在情况以及哪些毒株在流行。从 2017 年 3 月到 2019 年 10 月，使用文献中描述的 PCR 方案对 122 只犬进行了 CDV 检测，其中 12 只检测呈阳性；对一组目标样本（脑和肺、结膜、鼻和直肠拭子、尿液或膀胱拭子和心内凝块）进行了分析，这些样本是为检测活死动物中的 CDV 而定义的。直肠拭子，也容易从活体动物中采集，是最适合 CDV 诊断的样本，11 个测试样本中有 9 个（81.82%）呈阳性。此外，在常规诊断活动期间，2011 年至 2018 年间对 181 只易感动物进行剖检时，从 15 只动物的脑和肺中检测到 CDV 阳性。使用位于麻疹病毒核蛋白基因保守 N 末端的 287bp 片段对所有阳性样本进行分子分析，检测到流行株 CDV599/2016（KX545421.1）和 CDV12254/2015（KX024709.1）的循环，分别属于“欧洲野生动物”谱系和北极谱系，这证实了两种谱系的共同循环，正如之前的研究已经注意到的那样。
