Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 10;18(4):1735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041735.
This study examined whether physical activity is associated with better mental health and well-being among very preterm (≤32 weeks) and term born (≥37 weeks) adolescents alike or whether the associations are stronger in either of the groups. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry in children born very preterm and at term in two cohorts, the Basel Study of Preterm Children (BSPC; 40 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 59 term born controls aged 12.3 years) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; 45 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 3137 term born controls aged 14.2 years on average). In both cohorts, emotional and behavioral problems were mother-reported using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Subjective well-being was self-reported using the Kidscreen-52 Questionnaire in the BSPC and single items in the MCS. Hierarchical regressions with 'preterm status × physical activity'-interaction effects were subjected to individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. IPD meta-analysis showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower levels of peer problems, and higher levels of psychological well-being, better self-perception/body image, and school related well-being. Overall, the effect-sizes were small and the associations did not differ significantly between very preterm and term born adolescents. Future research may examine the mechanisms behind effects of physical activity on mental health and wellbeing in adolescence as well as which type of physical activity might be most beneficial for term and preterm born children.
本研究旨在探讨身体活动是否与极低出生体重儿（≤32 周）和足月出生儿（≥37 周）青少年的心理健康和幸福感有关，还是与这两个群体中的任何一个群体的关联更强。本研究采用加速度计对两个队列中的早产儿和足月出生儿进行身体活动测量，这两个队列分别是巴塞尔早产儿研究（BSPC；40 名出生时胎龄≤32 周的早产儿和 59 名 12.3 岁的足月出生儿对照）和千禧年队列研究（MCS；45 名出生时胎龄≤32 周的早产儿和 3137 名平均 14.2 岁的足月出生儿对照）。在这两个队列中，情绪和行为问题均由母亲使用《长处和困难问卷》进行报告。主观幸福感由 BSPC 中的《儿童生活质量问卷》和 MCS 中的单项问题进行自我报告。采用分层回归分析，分析“早产状态×身体活动”的交互效应，并对个体参与者数据（IPD）进行荟萃分析。IPD 荟萃分析表明，较高的身体活动水平与较低的同伴问题水平、较高的心理幸福感、更好的自我认知/身体形象和与学校相关的幸福感有关。总的来说，这些关联的效应大小较小，且在极低出生体重儿和足月出生儿青少年之间并无显著差异。未来的研究可能会进一步探究身体活动对青少年心理健康和幸福感的影响背后的机制，以及哪种类型的身体活动对足月和早产儿儿童最有益。
