Blood-Brain Barrier Mechanisms in Stroke and Trauma.

The brain microenvironment is tightly regulated. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes, and pericytes, plays an important role in maintaining the brain homeostasis by regulating the transport of both beneficial and detrimental substances between circulating blood and brain parenchyma. After brain injury and disease, BBB tightness becomes dysregulated, thus leading to inflammation and secondary brain damage. In this chapter, we overview the fundamental mechanisms of BBB damage and repair after stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding these mechanisms may lead to therapeutic opportunities for brain injury.