Molla Bereket, Delil Faris
Jinka Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Hawassa, 1994, SNNPR, Ethiopia,
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2015 Jan;47(1):45-51. doi: 10.1007/s11250-014-0681-7. Epub 2014 Dec 6.
Livestock production system, particularly in pastoral areas, is mainly constrained by rampant livestock diseases and seasonal feed and water shortages. In areas like Dassenech, bordering Kenya and South Sudan, this risks are pronounced due to the unavailability of appropriate prevention and control. The research was conducted with the objectives of identifying major rampant diseases and designing appropriate prevention and control strategies. A cross-sectional study was employed, conducted using both participatory epidemiology and conventional veterinary investigation. Spatial and temporal occurrence of diseases was assessed. The major five diseases in bovine were contagious bovine pleuro pneumonia (CBPP), septicemic pasteurellosis, anthrax, foot and mouth disease (FMD), and black leg, in that order of importance. Similarly, in ovine, "unknown recent disease," pneumonic pasteurellosis, brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants (PPR), and septicemic pasteurellosis were ranked, starting from the most important whereas in caprine PPR, contagious caprine pleuro pneumonia (CCPP), goat pox, brucellosis, and pneumonic pasteurellosis were ranked in that order of importance. The seroprevalence in bovine were found to be 97, 10, 18, and 15% for septicemic pasteurelosis, CBPP, FMD, and brucellosis, respectively. The seroprevalence of septicemic pasteurelosis, PPR, and brucellosis was 86, 49, and 3%, respectively, in ovine. The seroprevalence of caprine sera for CCPP, PPR, and brucellosis were 87, 42, and 0%, respectively. The prevention and control regimen, vaccination against CBPP, should be at the beginning of wet season, whereas, for FMD, it should be at the end of wet season in bovine. Brucellosis for bovine, if has to be applied, should be at the beginning of dry season. PPR vaccination for ovine should be at the beginning of wet season whereas, for caprine, it should be just before start of dry season. Furthermore, the efficacy of aforementioned vaccines and its protocol should be verified in local context. In conclusion, this finding is an alarm and requires preparation and implementation of appropriate disease prevention and control strategy in collaborated approach. Further studies have to be conducted, with particular emphasis in determining the epidemiology, and prevention and control options of FMD and brucellosis.
畜牧生产系统，尤其是牧区的畜牧生产系统，主要受到猖獗的牲畜疾病以及季节性饲料和水源短缺的制约。在与肯尼亚和南苏丹接壤的达森纳奇等地区，由于缺乏适当的预防和控制措施，这些风险尤为突出。开展这项研究的目的是确定主要的猖獗疾病，并设计适当的预防和控制策略。采用了横断面研究方法，运用参与式流行病学和传统兽医调查相结合的方式进行。评估了疾病的时空发生情况。牛的主要五种疾病依次为牛传染性胸膜肺炎（CBPP）、败血性巴氏杆菌病、炭疽、口蹄疫（FMD）和黑腿病。同样，在绵羊中，按重要性排序，“近期不明疾病”、肺炎型巴氏杆菌病、布鲁氏菌病、小反刍兽疫（PPR）和败血性巴氏杆菌病位列其中；而在山羊中，PPR、山羊传染性胸膜肺炎（CCPP）、山羊痘、布鲁氏菌病和肺炎型巴氏杆菌病按此重要性顺序排列。发现牛中败血性巴氏杆菌病、CBPP、FMD和布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率分别为97%、10%、18%和15%。绵羊中败血性巴氏杆菌病、PPR和布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率分别为86%、49%和3%。山羊血清中CCPP、PPR和布鲁氏菌病的血清阳性率分别为87%、42%和0%。针对CBPP的预防和控制方案，疫苗接种应在雨季开始时进行；而对于牛的FMD，应在雨季结束时进行。如果要对牛应用布鲁氏菌病疫苗，应在旱季开始时进行。绵羊的PPR疫苗接种应在雨季开始时进行，而对于山羊，应在旱季开始前进行。此外，上述疫苗及其接种方案的效果应在当地进行验证。总之，这一发现为警钟，需要以协作方式制定和实施适当的疾病预防和控制策略。必须开展进一步研究，尤其要着重确定口蹄疫和布鲁氏菌病的流行病学以及预防和控制方案。
