Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Surgical & Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia - IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Surv Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep-Oct;66(5):693-713. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.02.003. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by well-defined optic disc morphological changes (i.e., cup enlargement, neuroretinal border thinning, and notching, papillary vessel modifications) consequent to retinal ganglion cell loss, axonal degeneration, and lamina cribrosa remodeling. These modifications tend to be progressive and are the main cause of functional damage in glaucoma. Despite the latest findings about the pathophysiology of the disease, the exact trigger mechanisms and the mechanism of degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons have not been completely elucidated. Neuroinflammation may play a role in both the development and the progression of the disease as a result of its effects on retinal environment and retinal ganglion cells. We summarize the latest findings about neuroinflammation in glaucoma and examine the connection between risk factors, neuroinflammation, and retinal ganglion cell degeneration.
青光眼是一种视神经病变，其特征为明确的视盘形态学改变（即杯扩大、神经视网膜边界变薄和切迹、乳头血管改变），继发于视网膜神经节细胞丧失、轴突变性和筛板重塑。这些改变往往是进行性的，是青光眼功能损害的主要原因。尽管对疾病的病理生理学有了最新的发现，但确切的触发机制和视网膜神经节细胞及其轴突变性的机制尚未完全阐明。神经炎症可能在疾病的发展和进展中起作用，因为它对视网膜环境和视网膜神经节细胞有影响。我们总结了青光眼神经炎症的最新发现，并检查了危险因素、神经炎症和视网膜神经节细胞变性之间的联系。
