Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), University Innovation Incubator Building, sains@usm Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang, 11900, Malaysia.
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Gelugor, Penang, 11800, Malaysia.
Phytochem Anal. 2021 Sep;32(5):850-858. doi: 10.1002/pca.3030. Epub 2021 Feb 14.
The quality characteristics and stability of phenolic by-products from Cola nitida wastes are critical factors for drug formulation and food nutraceutical applications.
In this study, the effect of electromagnetic-based microwave-reflux extraction on the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, morphological characteristics, physisorption and chromatographic phenolic profiles were successfully investigated. These physicochemical analyses are often employed in the standardisation of dried herbal and food nutraceutical products.
In this study, the electromagnetic-based extraction process was optimised using the Box-Behnken design. The oleoresin bio-products were subsequently characterised to determine the total phenolic content, morphological and microstructural degradation. These analyses were conducted to elucidate the effect of the microwave heating on the C. nitida pod powder.
From the predicted response, the optimal percentage yield was achieved at 26.20% under 5.39 min of irradiation time, 440 W microwave power and oven temperature of 55°C. Moreover, the rapid estimation of the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were recorded at 124.84 ± 0.064 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (d.w.) and 6.93 ± 0.34 μg/mL, respectively. The physicochemical characterisation results from the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and physisorption analyses showed remarkable changes in the micro-surface area (13.66%) characteristics.
The recorded optimal conditions established a basis for future scale-up of microwave extraction parameters with a potential for maximum yield. The physiochemical characterisation revealed the functional characteristics of C. nitida and their tolerance to microwave heating.
可乐果废弃物中酚类副产物的质量特性和稳定性是药物制剂和食品营养应用的关键因素。
本研究成功考察了基于电磁的微波回流提取对总酚含量、抗氧化能力、形态特征、物理吸附和色谱酚谱的影响。这些物理化学分析常用于干燥草药和食品营养产品的标准化。
本研究采用 Box-Behnken 设计优化了基于电磁的提取工艺。随后对油树脂生物制品进行了表征，以确定总酚含量、形态和微观结构降解。这些分析旨在阐明微波加热对可乐果豆粉的影响。
根据预测的响应，在 5.39 分钟的辐射时间、440 W 微波功率和 55°C 的炉温下，可获得 26.20%的最佳产率。此外，还记录了酚含量和抗氧化能力的快速估计值，分别为 124.84±0.064 mg 没食子酸当量（GAE）/g 干重（d.w.）和 6.93±0.34 μg/mL。傅里叶变换红外光谱、场发射扫描电子显微镜和物理吸附分析的物理化学特性表明，微表面积（13.66%）特征发生了显著变化。
记录的最佳条件为未来的微波提取参数放大建立了基础，以实现最大产率。物理化学特性揭示了可乐果的功能特性及其对微波加热的耐受性。
