Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Matsuyama-shi, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Mar 2;55(5):3156-3164. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07796. Epub 2021 Feb 15.
The disinfection susceptibilities of viruses vary even among variants, yet the inactivation efficiency of a certain virus genotype, species, or genus was determined based on the susceptibility of its laboratory strain. The objectives were to evaluate the variability in susceptibilities to free chlorine, UV, and ozone among 13 variants of coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) and develop the model allowing for predicting the overall inactivation of heterogeneous CVB5. Our results showed that the susceptibilities differed by up to 3.4-fold, 1.3-fold, and 1.8-fold in free chlorine, UV, and ozone, respectively. CVB5 in genogroup B exhibited significantly lower susceptibility to free chlorine and ozone than genogroup A, where the laboratory strain, Faulkner, belongs. The capsid protein in genogroup B contained a lower number of sulfur-containing amino acids, readily reactive to oxidants. We reformulated the Chick-Watson model by incorporating the probability distributions of inactivation rate constants to capture the heterogeneity. This expanded Chick-Watson model indicated that up to 4.2-fold larger free chlorine CT is required to achieve 6-log inactivation of CVB5 than the prediction by the Faulkner strain. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate the variation in disinfection susceptibilities for predicting the overall inactivation of a certain type of viruses.
病毒的消毒敏感性即使在变体之间也有所不同，但特定病毒基因型、物种或属的灭活效率是基于其实验室株的敏感性来确定的。本研究旨在评估 13 种柯萨奇病毒 B5（CVB5）变体对游离氯、紫外线和臭氧的敏感性差异，并建立可预测异质 CVB5 总体灭活的模型。我们的结果表明，游离氯、紫外线和臭氧的敏感性差异最大可达 3.4 倍、1.3 倍和 1.8 倍。属于 B 组的 CVB5 对游离氯和臭氧的敏感性明显低于 A 组，A 组的实验室株为 Faulkner。B 组的衣壳蛋白含有较少数量的含硫氨基酸，容易与氧化剂发生反应。我们通过纳入失活动力学常数的概率分布来重新制定 Chick-Watson 模型，以捕捉异质性。这个扩展的 Chick-Watson 模型表明，与 Faulkner 株的预测相比，要实现 CVB5 的 6 对数灭活，需要高达 4.2 倍的游离氯 CT。因此，建议纳入消毒敏感性的变化来预测特定类型病毒的总体灭活。
