Ahmad Shaikh I, Meza Jocelyn I, Posserud Maj-Britt, Brevik Erlend J, Hinshaw Stephen P, Lundervold Astri J
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jan 13;11:609789. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609789. eCollection 2020.
: Previous findings that inattention (IA) and hyperactive/impulsive (HI) symptoms predict later peer problems have been mixed. Utilizing two culturally diverse samples with shared methodologies, we assessed the predictive power of dimensionally measured childhood IA and HI symptoms regarding adolescent peer relationships. : A US-based, clinical sample of 228 girls with and without childhood diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; age = 9.5) was assessed and followed 5 years later. A Norwegian, population-based sample of 3,467 children (53% girls; age = 8.3) was assessed and followed approximately 4 years later. Both investigations used parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms and peer relations. Multivariate regression analyses examined the independent contributions of IA and HI symptoms to later peer problems, adjusting for baseline childhood peer problems. We also examined childhood sex as a potential moderator within the Norwegian sample. : Higher levels of childhood HI symptoms, but not IA symptoms, independently predicted adolescent peer problems in the all-female clinical sample. Conversely, higher levels of IA symptoms, but not HI symptoms, independently predicted preadolescent peer problems in the mixed-sex population sample. Results did not differ between informants (parent vs. teacher). Associations between ADHD symptom dimensions and peer problems within the Norwegian sample were not moderated by child sex. : Differential associations between childhood hyperactive/impulsive and inattention symptoms and adolescent peer problems were found across two diverse samples using a shared methodology. Potential explanations for different findings in the clinical vs. population samples include symptom severity as well as age, sex, and cultural factors. We discuss implications for future research, including the importance of dimensional measures of ADHD-related symptoms and the need for shared methodologies across clinical and normative samples.
以往关于注意力不集中（IA）和多动/冲动（HI）症状可预测后期同伴问题的研究结果并不一致。我们采用两种具有相同方法的不同文化背景样本，评估了儿童期IA和HI症状维度测量对青少年同伴关系的预测能力。
对一个以美国为基地的228名有或无儿童期诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD；年龄 = 9.5岁）的女孩临床样本进行了评估，并在5年后进行随访。对一个以挪威为基地的3467名儿童（53%为女孩；年龄 = 8.3岁）的样本进行了评估，并在大约4年后进行随访。两项调查均使用了家长和教师对ADHD症状及同伴关系的报告。多元回归分析检验了IA和HI症状对后期同伴问题的独立贡献，并对儿童期基线同伴问题进行了调整。我们还将儿童期性别作为挪威样本中的一个潜在调节因素进行了研究。
在全女性临床样本中，较高水平的儿童期HI症状而非IA症状独立预测了青少年同伴问题。相反，在混合性别人口样本中，较高水平的IA症状而非HI症状独立预测了青春期前同伴问题。不同信息提供者（家长与教师）之间的结果没有差异。挪威样本中ADHD症状维度与同伴问题之间的关联不受儿童性别的调节。
使用相同方法在两个不同样本中发现了儿童期多动/冲动和注意力不集中症状与青少年同伴问题之间的差异关联。临床样本与总体样本中不同结果的潜在解释包括症状严重程度以及年龄、性别和文化因素。我们讨论了对未来研究的启示，包括ADHD相关症状维度测量的重要性以及临床样本和正常样本中采用相同方法的必要性。
