Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2024 Sep;52(9):1369-1382. doi: 10.1007/s10802-024-01204-x. Epub 2024 May 29.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition characterized by developmentally extreme and impairing symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Great interest has emerged in the ways ADHD and its underlying symptom dimensions relate to the development of personality traits. Much extant research on this topic is cross-sectional, relying on self-report measures and male samples. Herein, we present data from a prospective, longitudinal study of a socioeconomically and racially diverse sample of girls, including those with ADHD and a matched neurotypical comparison sample. We examined how parent- and teacher-reported ADHD in middle childhood relate to self-reported Big Five personality traits in adolescence. As expected, childhood ADHD diagnosis prospectively predicted lower self-reported Conscientiousness, lower Agreeableness, and higher Neuroticism in adolescence. With ADHD diagnosis covaried, Inattention (IA) predicted only low Conscientiousness, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (HI) predicted only low Agreeableness, and neither predicted adolescent Neuroticism. An exploratory moderator analysis showed that family income moderated the effects of IA and HI on the negativity of adolescent self-descriptions of their own personalities, with more pronounced negative effects for girls in families with higher (rather than lower) income. Familial pressures to achieve in higher-income families may be linked to more pronounced negative ramifications of ADHD on personality development.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种儿童期起病的神经发育障碍，其特征是注意力不集中和/或多动/冲动症状在发育上极端且具有损害性。人们对 ADHD 及其潜在症状维度与人格特质发展之间的关系产生了极大的兴趣。关于这个主题的许多现有研究都是横断面的，依赖于自我报告的测量方法和男性样本。在此，我们提供了一项针对社会经济和种族多样化的女孩样本的前瞻性、纵向研究的数据，其中包括 ADHD 患者和匹配的神经典型对照组。我们研究了儿童中期父母和教师报告的 ADHD 如何与青少年时期的自我报告的大五人格特质相关。正如预期的那样，儿童期 ADHD 诊断前瞻性地预测了青少年时期自我报告的责任心降低、随和性降低和神经质升高。在 ADHD 诊断协方差的情况下，注意力不集中（IA）仅预测低责任心，多动/冲动（HI）仅预测低随和性，两者均不预测青少年神经质。一项探索性的调节分析表明，家庭收入调节了 IA 和 HI 对青少年自我描述自身个性的消极影响，在收入较高（而非较低）的家庭中，女孩的负面影响更为明显。在高收入家庭中取得成就的家庭压力可能与 ADHD 对个性发展的更明显的负面后果有关。
