Hinterdobler Wolfgang, Li Guofen, Spiegel Katharina, Basyouni-Khamis Samira, Gorfer Markus, Schmoll Monika
Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria.
Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jan 28;12:552301. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.552301. eCollection 2021.
Fungi of the genus are of high importance for biotechnological applications, in biocontrol and for production of homologous and heterologous proteins. However, sexual crossing under laboratory conditions has so far only been achieved with the species , which was so far only isolated from tropical regions. Our isolation efforts aimed at the collection of strains from Austrian soils surprisingly also yielded 12 strains of the species , which was previously not known to occur in Europe. Their identity was confirmed with - and -sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. They could clearly be distinguished from tropical strains including the common laboratory wildtypes by UP-PCR and genetic variations adjacent to the mating type locus. The strains readily mated with reference strains derived from CBS999.97. Secreted cellulase and xylanase levels of these isolates were up to six-fold higher than those of QM6a indicating a high potential for strain improvement. The strains showed different responses to injury in terms of induction of sporulation, but a correlation to alterations in the -gene sequence was not detected. Several synonymous SNPs were found in the sequence of the regulator gene of the soil isolates compared to QM6a. Only in one strain, non-synonymous SNPs were found which impact a PEST sequence of NoxR, suggesting altered protein stability. The availability of sexually fertile strains from middle Europe naturally producing decent amounts of plant cell wall degrading enzymes opens up novel perspectives for non-GMO strain improvement and biological pretreatment of plant biomass for bioethanol production. Moreover, the varied response of these strains to injury in terms of sporulation, which is independent of Nox1 and NoxR suggests that additional regulators impact this phenomenon in .
该属真菌在生物技术应用、生物防治以及同源和异源蛋白质生产方面具有高度重要性。然而，迄今为止，实验室条件下的有性杂交仅在 物种中实现，而该物种迄今仅从热带地区分离得到。我们旨在从奥地利土壤中收集 菌株的分离工作令人惊讶地还获得了12株 物种的菌株，该物种此前在欧洲并不为人所知。通过 - 和 - 测序以及系统发育分析确认了它们的身份。通过UP-PCR和交配型基因座附近的遗传变异，它们可以明显地与包括常见实验室野生型在内的热带菌株区分开来。这些菌株很容易与源自CBS999.97的参考菌株交配。这些分离株分泌的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶水平比QM6a高出多达六倍，表明其具有很高的菌株改良潜力。这些菌株在孢子形成诱导方面对损伤表现出不同的反应，但未检测到与 - 基因序列改变的相关性。与QM6a相比，在土壤分离株的调节基因 序列中发现了几个同义单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。仅在一个菌株中发现了非同义SNP，其影响NoxR的PEST序列，表明蛋白质稳定性发生了改变。来自中欧的可育有性菌株自然产生相当数量的植物细胞壁降解酶，这为非转基因菌株改良以及用于生物乙醇生产的植物生物质生物预处理开辟了新的前景。此外，这些菌株在孢子形成方面对损伤的不同反应独立于Nox1和NoxR，这表明还有其他调节因子影响 中的这一现象。
