Shi Jie, Zhao Yu-Chen, Niu Zhi-Fang, Fan Hao-Jun, Hou Shi-Ke, Guo Xiao-Qin, Sang Lu, Lv Qi
Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
World J Stem Cells. 2021 Jan 26;13(1):49-63. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.49.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells that could differentiate into multiple tissues. MSC-based therapy has become an attractive and promising strategy for treating human diseases through immune regulation and tissue repair. However, accumulating data have indicated that MSC-based therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to the properties of the MSC-sourced secretome, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). sEVs are signaling vehicles in intercellular communication in normal or pathological conditions. sEVs contain natural contents, such as proteins, mRNA, and microRNAs, and transfer these functional contents to adjacent cells or distant cells through the circulatory system. MSC-sEVs have drawn much attention as attractive agents for treating multiple diseases. The properties of MSC-sEVs include stability in circulation, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity and immunogenicity. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that MSC-sEVs have equal or even better treatment efficacies than MSCs in many kinds of disease. This review summarizes the current research efforts on the use of MSC-sEVs in the treatment of human diseases and the existing challenges in their application from lab to clinical practice that need to be considered.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是具有自我更新能力的多能细胞，能够分化为多种组织。基于间充质干细胞的治疗已成为一种通过免疫调节和组织修复来治疗人类疾病的有吸引力且前景广阔的策略。然而，越来越多的数据表明，基于间充质干细胞的治疗效果主要归因于间充质干细胞来源的分泌组的特性，尤其是小细胞外囊泡（sEVs）。小细胞外囊泡是正常或病理条件下细胞间通讯的信号载体。小细胞外囊泡包含蛋白质、mRNA和微小RNA等天然成分，并通过循环系统将这些功能成分传递给相邻细胞或远处细胞。间充质干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡作为治疗多种疾病的有吸引力的药物已备受关注。间充质干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡的特性包括在循环中的稳定性、良好的生物相容性以及低毒性和免疫原性。此外，新出现的证据表明，在多种疾病中，间充质干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡具有与间充质干细胞相当甚至更好的治疗效果。本综述总结了目前关于间充质干细胞来源的小细胞外囊泡在治疗人类疾病方面的研究成果，以及从实验室到临床应用中其应用所面临的需要考虑的现有挑战。
