School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 22;21(3):727. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030727.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are on the cusp of regenerative medicine due to their differentiation capacity, favorable culture conditions, ability to be manipulated in vitro, and strong immunomodulatory activity. Recent studies indicate that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs, especially their immunomodulatory potential, can be largely attributed to paracrine factors. Exosomes, vesicles that are 30-150 nanometers in diameter that function in cell-cell communication, are one of the key paracrine effectors. MSC-derived exosomes are enriched with therapeutic miRNAs, mRNAs, cytokines, lipids, and growth factors. Emerging evidences support the compelling possibility of using MSC-derived exosomes as a new form of therapy for treating several different kinds of disease such as heart, kidney, immune diseases, neural injuries, and neurodegenerative disease. This review provides a summary of current knowledge and discusses engineering of MSC-derived exosomes for their use in translational medicine.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其分化能力、良好的培养条件、体外操作能力和强大的免疫调节活性，正处于再生医学的前沿。最近的研究表明，MSCs 的多效性作用，特别是其免疫调节潜力，在很大程度上可以归因于旁分泌因子。外泌体是一种直径为 30-150 纳米的囊泡，在细胞间通讯中发挥作用，是关键的旁分泌效应物之一。MSC 来源的外泌体富含治疗性 miRNA、mRNA、细胞因子、脂质和生长因子。新出现的证据支持使用 MSC 衍生的外泌体作为治疗多种疾病的一种新形式的治疗方法，如心脏、肾脏、免疫疾病、神经损伤和神经退行性疾病。本综述总结了目前的知识，并讨论了 MSC 衍生的外泌体的工程化，以将其用于转化医学。
