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眼动反映了混合搜索中专业知识的发展。

Eye movements reflect expertise development in hybrid search.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001/MSC 3452, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.

Rollins College, Winter Park, FL, USA.

出版信息

Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2021 Feb 15;6(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s41235-020-00269-8.

Abstract

Domain-specific expertise changes the way people perceive, process, and remember information from that domain. This is often observed in visual domains involving skilled searches, such as athletics referees, or professional visual searchers (e.g., security and medical screeners). Although existing research has compared expert to novice performance in visual search, little work has directly documented how accumulating experiences change behavior. A longitudinal approach to studying visual search performance may permit a finer-grained understanding of experience-dependent changes in visual scanning, and the extent to which various cognitive processes are affected by experience. In this study, participants acquired experience by taking part in many experimental sessions over the course of an academic semester. Searchers looked for 20 categories of targets simultaneously (which appeared with unequal frequency), in displays with 0-3 targets present, while having their eye movements recorded. With experience, accuracy increased and response times decreased. Fixation probabilities and durations decreased with increasing experience, but saccade amplitudes and visual span increased. These findings suggest that the behavioral benefits endowed by expertise emerge from oculomotor behaviors that reflect enhanced reliance on memory to guide attention and the ability to process more of the visual field within individual fixations.

摘要

领域专长会改变人们感知、处理和记忆该领域信息的方式。这在涉及熟练搜索的视觉领域中经常观察到,例如运动裁判或专业视觉搜索者(例如安全和医疗筛查人员)。尽管现有研究比较了视觉搜索中专家和新手的表现,但很少有研究直接记录经验积累如何改变行为。采用纵向方法研究视觉搜索表现,可以更细致地了解视觉扫描中依赖经验的变化,以及各种认知过程受经验影响的程度。在这项研究中,参与者通过在一整个学期的许多实验中积累经验。搜索者同时寻找 20 个类别的目标(出现频率不同),在 0-3 个目标的显示中,同时记录他们的眼球运动。随着经验的积累,准确性提高,反应时间缩短。随着经验的增加,注视概率和持续时间降低,但眼跳幅度和视觉跨度增加。这些发现表明,专业知识赋予的行为优势源于眼球运动行为,这些行为反映了对记忆的依赖增强,以指导注意力和在单个注视中处理更多视野的能力。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c131/7884546/acc5be47fc4c/41235_2020_269_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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