Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics/Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2021 Feb 23;7(2). doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/abe681.
Prostate cancer surgery risks erectile problems and incontinence for the patient. An instrument for guiding surgeons to avoid nerve bundle damage and ensure complete cancer removal is desirable. We present a tactile resonance sensor made of PZT ceramics, mounted in a 3D motorized translation stage for scanning and measuring tissue stiffness for detecting cancer in human prostate. The sensor may be used during surgery for guidance, scanning the prostate surface for the presence of cancer, indicating migration of cancer cells into surrounding tissue. Ten fresh prostates, obtained from patients undergoing prostate cancer surgery, were cut into 0.5 cm thick slices. Each slice was measured for tissue stiffness at about 25 different sites and compared to histology for validation cancer prediction by stiffness. The statistical analysis was based on a total of 148 sites with non-cancer and 40 sites with cancer. Using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), the stiffness data predicted cancer with an area under the curve of 0.74, after correcting for overfitting using bootstrap validation. Mean prostate stiffness on the logarithmic scale (p = 0.015) and standardized Z-scores (p = 0.025) were both significant predictors of cancer. This study concludes that stiffness measured by the tactile resonance sensor is a significant predictor of prostate cancer with potential for future development towards a clinical instrument for surgical guidance.
前列腺癌手术可能会导致患者出现勃起功能问题和尿失禁。人们希望有一种仪器可以引导外科医生避免神经束损伤，并确保彻底清除癌症。我们提出了一种由 PZT 陶瓷制成的触觉共振传感器，安装在 3D 电动平移台上，用于扫描和测量组织硬度，以检测人类前列腺中的癌症。该传感器可用于手术中的引导，扫描前列腺表面是否存在癌症，指示癌细胞向周围组织转移。从接受前列腺癌手术的患者中获得的十个新鲜前列腺被切成 0.5 厘米厚的切片。在大约 25 个不同的部位测量每个切片的组织硬度，并与组织学进行比较，以验证硬度对癌症的预测。统计分析基于总共 148 个无癌症部位和 40 个有癌症部位的数据。使用广义线性混合模型 (GLMM)，在使用 bootstrap 验证纠正过拟合后，硬度数据预测癌症的曲线下面积为 0.74。在对数尺度上，前列腺平均硬度 (p = 0.015) 和标准化 Z 分数 (p = 0.025) 都是癌症的显著预测因子。本研究得出结论，触觉共振传感器测量的硬度是前列腺癌的一个重要预测因子，具有未来开发为手术引导临床仪器的潜力。
