Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY.
Am J Ther. 2021 Feb 9;28(2):e204-e216. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001344.
Interventional pulmonology is a rapidly evolving subspecialty of pulmonary medicine that offers advanced consultative and procedural services to patients with airway diseases, pleural diseases, as well as in the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic malignancy.
The institution of lung cancer screening modalities as well as the search of additional minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment modalities for lung cancer and other chronic lung diseases has led to an increased focus on the field of interventional pulmonology. Rapid advancements in the field over the last 2 decades has led to development of various new minimally invasive bronchoscopic approaches and techniques for patients with cancer as well as for patients with chronic lung diseases.
A review of literature was performed using PubMed database to identify all articles published up till October 2020 relevant to the field of interventional pulmonology and bronchoscopy. The reference list of each article was searched to look for additional articles, and all relevant articles were included in the article.
Newer technologies are now available such navigation platforms to diagnose and possibly treat peripheral pulmonary nodules, endobronchial ultrasound in diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar adenopathy as well as cryobiopsy in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases. In addition, flexible and rigid bronchoscopy continues to provide new and expanding ability to manage patients with benign and malignant central airway obstruction. Interventions are also available for diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and emphysema that were traditionally treated with medical management alone.
With continued high quality research and an increasing body of evidence, interventional bronchoscopy has enormous potential to provide both safe and effective options for patients with a variety of lung diseases.
介入肺脏病学是肺病学的一个快速发展的亚专科，为气道疾病、胸膜疾病以及胸恶性肿瘤患者的诊断和管理提供先进的咨询和程序服务。
肺癌筛查模式的建立以及对肺癌和其他慢性肺部疾病的额外微创诊断和治疗模式的探索，使得介入肺脏病学领域受到了更多关注。过去 20 年来，该领域的快速发展导致了各种新的微创支气管镜方法和技术的发展，为癌症患者以及慢性肺部疾病患者提供了更多的治疗选择。
使用 PubMed 数据库进行文献回顾，以确定截至 2020 年 10 月与介入肺脏病学和支气管镜相关的所有已发表文章。搜索每篇文章的参考文献列表以寻找其他文章，并将所有相关文章都纳入到这篇文章中。
现在有了新的技术，如导航平台来诊断和可能治疗周围性肺结节、支气管内超声诊断纵隔和肺门淋巴结病以及冷冻活检诊断弥漫性肺部疾病。此外，柔性和刚性支气管镜继续为良性和恶性中央气道阻塞患者的管理提供新的和扩展的能力。对于哮喘、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺气肿等传统上仅通过药物治疗的疾病，也可以进行干预。
随着高质量研究的不断进行和越来越多的证据积累，介入性支气管镜检查为各种肺部疾病患者提供了安全有效的选择，具有巨大的潜力。
