Department of Psychology, New York University.
Center for Neural Science, New York University.
Psychol Sci. 2021 Mar;32(3):451-458. doi: 10.1177/0956797620968792. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
There is currently a debate in political psychology about whether dogmatism and belief superiority are symmetric or asymmetric across the ideological spectrum. Toner, Leary, Asher, and Jongman-Sereno (2013) found that dogmatism was higher among conservatives than liberals, but both conservatives and liberals with extreme attitudes reported higher perceived superiority of beliefs. In the current study, we conducted a preregistered direct and conceptual replication of this previous research using a large nationally representative sample. Consistent with Toner et al.'s findings, our results showed that conservatives had higher dogmatism scores than liberals, whereas both conservative and liberal extreme attitudes were associated with higher belief superiority compared with more moderate attitudes. As in their study, we also found that whether conservative or liberal attitudes were associated with higher belief superiority was topic dependent. Contrasting Toner et al.'s findings, our results also showed that ideologically extreme individuals had higher dogmatism. We discuss implications of these results for theoretical debates in political psychology.
目前，政治心理学界正在争论教条主义和信仰优越性在意识形态光谱上是对称的还是不对称的。Toner、Leary、Asher 和 Jongman-Sereno（2013 年）发现，保守派比自由派更教条，但态度极端的保守派和自由派都报告称，他们的信仰优越性更高。在当前的研究中，我们使用一个大型全国代表性样本对这项先前的研究进行了预先注册的直接和概念复制。与 Toner 等人的研究结果一致，我们的结果表明，保守派的教条主义得分高于自由派，而与更温和的态度相比，保守派和自由派的极端态度都与更高的信仰优越性相关。与他们的研究一样，我们还发现，无论是保守派还是自由派的态度与更高的信仰优越性相关，这取决于话题。与 Toner 等人的研究结果相反，我们的研究结果还表明，意识形态极端的个体具有更高的教条主义。我们讨论了这些结果对政治心理学理论争论的影响。
