Katsoula A, Vasileiadis S, Karamanoli K, Vokou D, Karpouzas D G
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Microb Ecol. 2021 Oct;82(3):638-651. doi: 10.1007/s00248-021-01712-z. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
The phyllosphere microbiome exerts a strong effect on plants' productivity, and its composition is determined by various factors. To date, most phyllosphere studies have focused on bacteria, while fungi and especially archaea have been overlooked. We studied the effects of plant host and season on the abundance and diversity of the epiphytic archaeal and fungal communities in a typical semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystem. We collected leaves in two largely contrasting seasons (summer and winter) from eight perennial species of varying attributes which could be grouped into the following: (i) high-canopy, evergreen sclerophyllοus shrubs with leathery leaves, and low-canopy, either semi-deciduous shrubs or non-woody perennials with non-leathery leaves, and (ii) aromatic and non-aromatic plants. We determined the abundance of epiphytic Crenarchaea, total fungi, Alternaria and Cladosporium (main airborne fungi) via q-PCR and the structure of the epiphytic archaeal and fungal communities via amplicon sequencing. We observed a strong seasonal effect with all microbial groups examined showing higher abundance in summer. Plant host and season were equally important determinants of the composition of the fungal community consisted mostly of Ascomycota, with Hypocreales dominating in winter and Capnodiales and Pleosporales in summer. In contrast, the archaeal community showed plant host driven patterns dominated by the Soil Crenarchaeotic Group (SCG) and Aenigmarchaeota. Plant habit and aromatic nature exhibited filtering effects only on the epiphytic fungal communities. Our study provides a first in-depth analysis of the key determinants shaping the phyllosphere archaeal and fungal communities of a semi-arid Mediterranean ecosystem.
叶际微生物群对植物生产力有很强的影响，其组成由多种因素决定。迄今为止，大多数叶际研究都集中在细菌上，而真菌尤其是古菌一直被忽视。我们研究了植物宿主和季节对典型半干旱地中海生态系统中附生古菌和真菌群落的丰度和多样性的影响。我们在两个形成鲜明对比的季节（夏季和冬季），从八种具有不同属性的多年生植物中采集叶片，这些植物可分为以下几类：（i）高冠层、常绿硬叶灌木，叶片革质，以及低冠层，要么是半落叶灌木，要么是非木质多年生植物，叶片非革质；（ii）芳香植物和非芳香植物。我们通过定量聚合酶链反应（q-PCR）确定了附生泉古菌、总真菌、链格孢属和枝孢属（主要的气传真菌）的丰度，并通过扩增子测序确定了附生古菌和真菌群落的结构。我们观察到一个强烈的季节效应，所有检测的微生物类群在夏季的丰度都更高。植物宿主和季节是真菌群落组成的同等重要的决定因素，真菌群落主要由子囊菌门组成，肉座菌目在冬季占主导地位，煤炱目和格孢腔菌目在夏季占主导地位。相比之下，古菌群落呈现出由土壤泉古菌组（SCG）和谜古菌门主导的植物宿主驱动模式。植物习性和芳香性质仅对附生真菌群落表现出筛选效应。我们的研究首次深入分析了塑造半干旱地中海生态系统叶际古菌和真菌群落的关键决定因素。
