Pineda-Mendoza Rosa María, Gutiérrez-Ávila Jorge Luis, Salazar Kevin F, Rivera-Orduña Flor N, Davis Thomas S, Zúñiga Gerardo
Laboratorio de Variación Biológica y Evolución, Departamento de Zoología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Mar 7;15:1360488. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360488. eCollection 2024.
The genus is a Holarctic taxon composed of 21 nominal species; some of these species are well known in the world as disturbance agents of forest ecosystems. Under the bark of the host tree, these insects are involved in complex and dynamic associations with phoretic ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic communities. Unlike filamentous fungi and bacteria, the ecological role of yeasts in the bark beetle holobiont is poorly understood, though yeasts were the first group to be recorded as microbial symbionts of these beetles. Our aim was characterize and compare the gut fungal assemblages associated to 14 species of using the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. A total of 615,542 sequences were recovered yielding 248 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The fungal diversity was represented by 4 phyla, 16 classes, 34 orders, 54 families, and 71 genera with different relative abundances among species. The α-diversity consisted of 32 genera of yeasts and 39 genera of filamentous fungi. An analysis of β-diversity indicated differences in the composition of the gut fungal assemblages among bark beetle species, with differences in species and phylogenetic diversity. A common core mycobiome was recognized at the genus level, integrated mainly by present in all bark beetles, , , , and . The bipartite networks confirmed that these fungal genera showed a strong association between beetle species and dominant fungi, which are key to maintaining the structure and stability of the fungal community. The functional variation in the trophic structure was identified among libraries and species, with pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph represented at the highest frequency, followed by saprotroph-symbiotroph, and saprotroph only. The overall network suggested that yeast and fungal ASVs in the gut of these beetles showed positive and negative associations among them. This study outlines a mycobiome associated with nutrition and provides a starting point for future and omics approaches addressing potential ecological functions and interactions among fungal assemblages and beetle hosts.
该属是一个全北区分类单元，由21个命名物种组成；其中一些物种作为森林生态系统的干扰因子在世界范围内广为人知。在寄主树的树皮之下，这些昆虫与携播外共生和内共生群落存在复杂而动态的关联。与丝状真菌和细菌不同，尽管酵母是最早被记录为这些甲虫微生物共生体的类群，但酵母在树皮甲虫全生物中的生态作用却知之甚少。我们的目标是利用内转录间隔区2（ITS2）区域对与14种[此处原文缺失具体甲虫种类]相关的肠道真菌群落进行表征和比较。总共获得了615,542条序列，产生了248个真菌扩增子序列变体（ASV）。真菌多样性由4个门、16个纲、34个目、54个科和71个属代表，在[此处原文缺失具体甲虫种类]物种之间具有不同的相对丰度。α多样性由32个酵母属和39个丝状真菌属组成。β多样性分析表明，树皮甲虫物种之间肠道真菌群落的组成存在差异，在物种和系统发育多样性方面也存在差异。在属水平上识别出一个共同的核心真菌群落，主要由存在于所有树皮甲虫中的[此处原文缺失具体真菌属]、[此处原文缺失具体真菌属]、[此处原文缺失具体真菌属]、[此处原文缺失具体真菌属]和[此处原文缺失具体真菌属]组成。二分网络证实，这些真菌属在甲虫物种和优势真菌之间表现出强烈的关联，这对于维持真菌群落的结构和稳定性至关重要。在文库和物种之间识别出了营养结构的功能变异，其中致病营养型-腐生营养型-共生营养型出现的频率最高，其次是腐生营养型-共生营养型，以及仅腐生营养型。整体网络表明，这些甲虫肠道中的酵母和真菌ASV之间存在正相关和负相关。本研究概述了与[此处原文缺失具体甲虫种类]营养相关的真菌群落，并为未来解决真菌群落与甲虫宿主之间潜在生态功能和相互作用的[此处原文缺失具体研究方法]和组学方法提供了一个起点。
