Rusheen Aaron E, Gee Taylor A, Jang Dong P, Blaha Charles D, Bennet Kevin E, Lee Kendall H, Heien Michael L, Oh Yoonbae
Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States.
Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States.
Trends Analyt Chem. 2020 Nov;132. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116049. Epub 2020 Oct 20.
Dysfunction in dopaminergic neuronal systems underlie a number of neurologic and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. Dopamine systems communicate via two mechanisms, a fast "phasic" release (sub-second to second) that is related to salient stimuli and a slower "tonic" release (minutes to hours) that regulates receptor tone. Alterations in tonic levels are thought to be more critically important in enabling normal motor, cognitive, and motivational functions, and dysregulation in tonic dopamine levels are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, development of neurochemical recording techniques that enable rapid, selective, and quantitative measurements of changes in tonic extracellular levels are essential in determining the role of dopamine in both normal and disease states. Here, we review state-of-the-art advanced analytical techniques for detection of tonic levels, with special focus on electrochemical techniques for detection in humans.
多巴胺能神经元系统功能障碍是帕金森病、药物成瘾和精神分裂症等多种神经和精神疾病的基础。多巴胺系统通过两种机制进行通讯，一种是与显著刺激相关的快速“相位性”释放（亚秒到秒），另一种是调节受体张力的较慢的“紧张性”释放（分钟到小时）。紧张性水平的改变被认为在实现正常运动、认知和动机功能方面更为关键，而紧张性多巴胺水平的失调与神经精神疾病有关。因此，开发能够快速、选择性和定量测量紧张性细胞外水平变化的神经化学记录技术对于确定多巴胺在正常和疾病状态中的作用至关重要。在此，我们综述了用于检测紧张性水平的先进分析技术，特别关注用于人体检测的电化学技术。
