Dickstein S, Parke R D
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign 61820.
Child Dev. 1988 Apr;59(2):506-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1988.tb01484.x.
Social referencing refers to the tendency of a person to look to a significant other in an ambiguous situation in order to obtain clarifying information. The aims of the study were to assess the extent to which infants use fathers as referencing targets, and to assess the familial context that might mediate referencing to both parents. 40 11-month-old infants were observed once with their mothers and once with their fathers in a 15-min social referencing situation that involved entrance of a female stranger as the ambiguous stimulus. Infants used their fathers and mothers as referencing targets to an equal extent. Additionally, marital satisfaction was found to be a significant modifier of referencing. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that paternal marital satisfaction predicted social referencing to fathers as well as to mothers; no effect was found for maternal marital satisfaction alone. This suggests that in order to better understand early socioemotional development, it is necessary to consider the interdependence among various relationships within the family.
社会参照是指一个人在模棱两可的情境中倾向于向重要他人寻求以获取明确信息。该研究的目的是评估婴儿将父亲作为参照对象的程度，以及评估可能介导对父母双方参照的家庭环境。40名11个月大的婴儿在一种社会参照情境中分别与母亲和父亲各观察一次，该情境持续15分钟，涉及一名女性陌生人的进入作为模棱两可的刺激物。婴儿将父亲和母亲作为参照对象的程度相同。此外，婚姻满意度被发现是参照行为的一个重要调节因素。分层回归分析表明，父亲的婚姻满意度预测了对父亲以及对母亲的社会参照；单独的母亲婚姻满意度没有发现影响。这表明，为了更好地理解早期社会情感发展，有必要考虑家庭中各种关系之间的相互依存性。
