Hirshberg L M, Svejda M
Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI 02915.
Child Dev. 1990 Aug;61(4):1175-86.
12-month-olds were seen with their mothers and fathers in a laboratory procedure designed to compare infants' solicitation of, emotional resonance to, and self-regulation on the basis of happy, fearful, and conflicting emotional signals from mothers versus fathers. Measures of positive and negative affect and affect lability; of look, approach, and proximity behavior; and of overall response pattern were obtained. Infants showed more positive and less negative affect and greater toy proximity with happy compared to fearful signals. Few differences emerged in infants' referencing response to mothers versus fathers. Infants looked more to mothers than fathers when no signals were given but did not differentiate between parents when only one was signaling or when both were signaling (conflict). In affective state and behavioral regulation, they were not differentially responsive to maternal versus paternal signals either when only one parent was signaling or when both were giving signals.
在一项实验室程序中，研究人员观察了12个月大的婴儿与他们的母亲和父亲在一起的情况。该程序旨在比较婴儿基于来自母亲和父亲的快乐、恐惧和冲突情绪信号，在寻求、情感共鸣和自我调节方面的表现。研究人员获取了积极和消极情绪、情绪易变性的测量数据；注视、接近和亲近行为的测量数据；以及整体反应模式的测量数据。与恐惧信号相比，婴儿在面对快乐信号时表现出更多的积极情绪、更少的消极情绪，并且与玩具的亲近程度更高。婴儿对母亲和父亲的参照反应几乎没有差异。在没有信号发出时，婴儿看向母亲的次数多于父亲，但当只有一方发出信号或双方都发出信号（冲突）时，婴儿在父母之间没有表现出差异。在情感状态和行为调节方面，当只有一方父母发出信号或双方都发出信号时，他们对母亲和父亲的信号没有表现出不同的反应。
