Department of Sports Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
Department of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2021;27(1):7-11. doi: 10.5114/pedm.2020.101805.
Currently, 5-10% of diabetes patients are teenagers. During this period the influence of peers and observation of their eating habits plays a significant role. Unfortunately, they differ from the principles of proper nutrition, which according to the PTD Diabetes Poland should be introduced as an element of proper metabolic compensation. Aim of the study: To assess the condition and dietary habits of male adolescents with type 1 diabetes and to compare their eating habits to generally accepted standards.
The study participants include 20 boys, aged 14.6 ±1.58 years, with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated with a personal insulin pump who were diagnosed using ISPAD criteria. In the study anthropometric and questionnaire methods were used, as well as body composition analysis.
In most of the examined subjects, the assessment of nutritional status indicates a proper proportion of adipose tissue (14.72 ±6.25%, 8.71 ±4.10 kg per kg) and muscle mass in the body (28.2 ±6.93 kg). Unfortunately in a significant group of adolescents, the diet is not properly balanced. Particularly the common problem is the excess of total carbohydrates, including simple sugars.
To sum up, despite systematic education of proper nutrition on glycemic control and prevention of acute and chronic complications, the eating habits of male adolescents differ from those of proper nutrition. Additionally, it should be noted that despite the proper results of the body composition analysis, there is a problem with an erroneously balanced diet.
目前，有 5-10%的糖尿病患者是青少年。在此期间，同伴的影响和对饮食习惯的观察起着重要作用。然而，他们与适当营养的原则不同，根据波兰糖尿病 PTD，适当的营养应作为适当代谢补偿的一个要素引入。目的：评估男性青少年 1 型糖尿病患者的病情和饮食习惯，并将其饮食习惯与公认的标准进行比较。
本研究的参与者包括 20 名年龄在 14.6±1.58 岁的男性青少年，患有 1 型糖尿病，使用个人胰岛素泵治疗，采用 ISPAD 标准诊断。在研究中使用了人体测量学和问卷调查方法，以及身体成分分析。
在大多数被检查的对象中，营养状况评估表明脂肪组织（14.72±6.25%，8.71±4.10kg/kg）和身体肌肉量（28.2±6.93kg）的比例适当。不幸的是，在相当一部分青少年中，饮食没有得到适当的平衡。特别是普遍存在的问题是总碳水化合物（包括简单糖）摄入过多。
总之，尽管对适当营养进行了系统的教育，以控制血糖和预防急性和慢性并发症，但男性青少年的饮食习惯与适当营养不同。此外，应注意到，尽管身体成分分析结果良好，但饮食平衡存在问题。
