Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Str, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2019 Jul 13;11(7):1592. doi: 10.3390/nu11071592.
Recognition of the dominant dietary behaviors with respect to gender and specific age groups can be helpful in the development of targeted and effective nutritional education. The purpose of the study was to analyze the prevalence of the selected eating behaviors (favorable: Consuming breakfasts, fruit, vegetables, milk and milk beverages, whole grain bread and fish; adverse: Regular consumption of sweets, sugared soft drinks and fast-foods) among Polish adolescents.
Data on the nutritional behaviors were collected using a questionnaire. Body mass status was assessed based on weight and height measurements.
14,044 students aged 13-19 years old from 207 schools participated in the study. Significant differences were found in the nutritional behaviors depending on age, gender and nutritional status. Favorable nutritional behaviors corresponded with each other, the same relationship was observed for adverse behaviors. The frequency of the majority of healthy eating behaviors decreased with age, whereas the incidence of adverse dietary behaviors increased with age. Underweight adolescents more often consumed sugared soft drinks, sweets and fast food compared to their peers with normal and excessive body mass.
A significant proportion of adolescents showed unhealthy nutritional behaviors. Showing changes in the incidence of nutritional behaviors depending on age, gender and body weight status, we provide data that can inform the development of dietary interventions tailored to promote specific food groups among adolescents on different stages of development to improve their diet quality.
识别与性别和特定年龄组相关的主要饮食行为有助于制定有针对性和有效的营养教育计划。本研究的目的是分析波兰青少年中选择的饮食行为（有益：食用早餐、水果、蔬菜、牛奶和奶制品、全麦面包和鱼类；不良：经常食用甜食、含糖软饮料和快餐）的流行情况。
使用问卷收集营养行为数据。根据体重和身高测量评估身体质量状况。
来自 207 所学校的 14044 名 13-19 岁的学生参加了这项研究。研究结果显示，营养行为因年龄、性别和营养状况而异。有益的营养行为相互对应，不良行为也是如此。大多数健康饮食习惯的频率随着年龄的增长而下降，而不良饮食行为的发生率则随着年龄的增长而增加。与体重正常和超重的同龄人相比，体重不足的青少年更常食用含糖软饮料、甜食和快餐。
相当一部分青少年表现出不健康的营养行为。根据年龄、性别和体重状况显示营养行为发生率的变化，我们提供的数据可以为制定针对不同发育阶段青少年的饮食干预措施提供信息，以促进特定食物组的摄入，从而改善他们的饮食质量。
