Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 2;11:624411. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624411. eCollection 2020.
SARS-CoV-2 is wreaking havoc around the world. To get the world back on track, hundreds of vaccines are under development. A deeper understanding of how the immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2 re-infection will certainly help. Studies have highlighted various aspects of T cell response in resolving acute infection and preventing re-infections. Lung resident memory T (T) cells are sentinels in the secondary immune response. They are mostly differentiated from effector T cells, construct specific niches and stay permanently in lung tissues. If the infection recurs, locally activated lung T cells can elicit rapid immune response against invading pathogens. In addition, they can significantly limit tumor growth or lead to pathologic immune responses. Vaccines targeting T cells are under development, with the hope to induce stable and highly reactive lung T cells through mucosal administration or "prime-and-pull" strategy. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in lung T cell generation and maintenance, explore their roles in different diseases and discuss how these cells may guide the development of future vaccines targeting infectious disease, cancer, and pathologic immune response.
SARS-CoV-2 在全球范围内肆虐。为了使世界重回正轨，数百种疫苗正在研发中。深入了解免疫系统如何应对 SARS-CoV-2 的再感染肯定会有所帮助。研究强调了 T 细胞反应在解决急性感染和预防再感染方面的各个方面。肺驻留记忆 T（T）细胞是次级免疫反应的哨兵。它们主要从效应 T 细胞分化而来，构建特定的小生境并永久存在于肺组织中。如果感染复发，局部激活的肺 T 细胞可以迅速引发针对入侵病原体的免疫反应。此外，它们还可以显著限制肿瘤生长或导致病理性免疫反应。目前正在开发针对 T 细胞的疫苗，希望通过黏膜给药或“诱导-拉动”策略诱导稳定且高反应性的肺 T 细胞。在这篇综述中，我们将总结肺 T 细胞生成和维持的最新进展，探讨它们在不同疾病中的作用，并讨论这些细胞如何为针对传染病、癌症和病理性免疫反应的未来疫苗的开发提供指导。
