Bartolomeu Medeiros William, Bail Jaqueline, Zambrano Passarini Michel Rodrigo, Bonugli-Santos Rafaella Costa
Latin American Institute of Science's Life and Nature - ILACVN, UNILA - Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguassu, Paraná, Brazil.
Heliyon. 2021 Feb 8;7(2):e06144. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06144. eCollection 2021 Feb.
Cigarette product waste contains toxic chemicals, including human carcinogens, which leach into and accumulate in the environment and represent a current environmental problem neglected for too long. This study aimed to select filamentous fungi capable of decreasing tobacco extract toxicity as an alternative to a future bioremediation process. The 38 isolates obtained from Culture collection of microorganisms to biotechnological and environmental importance - CCMIBA (Brazil) were cultivated in yeast extract (10 g.L) and dextrose (10 g.L) containing cigarette tobacco extract (200 mL.L) for seven days at 28 °C on a rotary shaker at 150 rpm. The fungal growth rate was determined to infer fungal tolerance to tobacco extract, and supernatants from cultivated fungi were used to run the toxicity test using assay. The sp. strain I.17, isolated from cigarette waste, was the only lineage capable of growing in 20% (v/v) of cigarette tobacco extract, allowed the onions to root, and was selected for optimization. Initially, for the experimental design to selected fungus, a fractional factorial experimental design 2 was used to examine the effects of yeast extract, cigarette tobacco extract concentration, dextrose, copper sulfate and pH fungal cultivation. The supernatants of these assays were used to run the toxicity test, and yeast extract and copper sulfate were statistically significant in the fungal growth for the decreasing toxicity process and this variable as were select to central composite design. The highest concentration of yeast extract negatively influenced the toxicity decrease, 0.5% of yeast extract in the culture media is the maximum concentration to achieve the best result and to copper sulfate the best result was using 10 μmol.L. In conclusion, the experimental design optimized more than seven times the efficiency of tobacco toxicity reducing, resulting in more than 50% of onion root growth, demonstrating the methodology success. And ITS region was used to taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the isolate sp. strain I.17. These results suggest that sp. strain I.17 can be used as a potential microorganism to toxicity treatment of cigarette wastes, minimizing the environmental impact of direct burning.
香烟制品废弃物含有有毒化学物质，包括人类致癌物，这些物质会渗入环境并在其中积累，是一个长期被忽视的环境问题。本研究旨在筛选能够降低烟草提取物毒性的丝状真菌，作为未来生物修复过程的替代方法。从具有生物技术和环境重要性的微生物培养物保藏中心 - CCMIBA（巴西）获得的38株分离物，在含有香烟烟草提取物（200 mL.L）的酵母提取物（10 g.L）和葡萄糖（10 g.L）中，于28℃在旋转摇床上以150 rpm培养7天。测定真菌生长速率以推断真菌对烟草提取物的耐受性，并使用 试验将培养真菌的上清液用于进行毒性测试。从香烟废弃物中分离出的 菌株I.17是唯一能够在20%（v/v）的香烟烟草提取物中生长、使洋葱生根的菌株，并被选择进行优化。最初，为了对选定的真菌进行实验设计，使用分数析因实验设计2来研究酵母提取物、香烟烟草提取物浓度、葡萄糖、硫酸铜和pH值对真菌培养的影响。这些试验的上清液用于进行毒性测试，并且酵母提取物和硫酸铜在降低毒性过程的真菌生长中具有统计学意义，并且选择该变量进行中心复合设计。酵母提取物的最高浓度对毒性降低有负面影响，培养基中0.5%的酵母提取物是获得最佳结果的最大浓度，而对于硫酸铜，最佳结果是使用10 μmol.L。总之，实验设计将烟草毒性降低效率提高了七倍多，导致洋葱根生长超过50%，证明了该方法的成功。并且ITS区域用于分离的 菌株I.17的分类学和分子系统发育研究。这些结果表明， 菌株I.17可作为处理香烟废弃物毒性的潜在微生物，将直接燃烧对环境的影响降至最低。
