Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University., C/Castillo de Alarcon, 49. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692, Madrid, Spain.
Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Castilla La Mancha University, Toledo, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Oct;60(7):4107-4114. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02510-6. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Caffeine is widely considered an ergogenic aid to increase anaerobic performance although most of this evidence is supported by investigations with only male samples. To date, it is unknown if the ergogenic effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance is of similar magnitude in men and women athletes. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of the ergogenic effect of caffeine on the Wingate test in men and women.
In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over experimental trial, ten women athletes and ten men athletes performed a 15-s adapted version of the Wingate test after ingesting 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo (cellulose).
In comparison to the performance obtained in the 15-s Wingate test with a placebo, caffeine increased peak power in men (9.9 ± 0.8 vs. 10.1 ± 0.8 W/kg, p < 0.01, d = 0.26) and in women (8.8 ± 0.9 vs. 9.1 ± 0.8 W/kg, p = 0.04, d = 0.30). Caffeine was also effective to increase the mean power in men (8.9 ± 0.7 vs. 9.0 ± 0.7 W/kg, p = 0.01, d = 0.21) and women (8.1 ± 0.7 vs. 8.3 ± 0.7 W/kg, p = 0.01, d = 0.27). The ergogenic effect of caffeine on the 15-s Wingate peak power (2.3 ± 3.2% in men and 3.2 ± 2.8% in women; p = 0.46) and mean power (2.0 ± 1.7% and 2.4 ± 2.3%, respectively; p = 0.93) was of similar magnitude in both sexes.
Acute ingestion of 3 mg kg of caffeine enhanced peak and mean cycling power during a 15-s adapted version of the Wingate test in men and women and the ergogenic effect was of similar magnitude in both sexes. This information suggests that both men and women athletes might obtain similar benefits from caffeine supplementation during anaerobic exercise.
咖啡因被广泛认为是一种能提高无氧表现的运动补剂，尽管这方面的大部分证据都来自仅对男性样本进行的研究。迄今为止，尚不清楚咖啡因对无氧表现的促进作用在男性和女性运动员中的幅度是否相同。本研究旨在确定咖啡因对男性和女性的瓦丁测试的促进效果的幅度。
在一项双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉实验试验中，十名女性运动员和十名男性运动员在摄入 3 毫克/公斤体重的咖啡因或安慰剂（纤维素）后进行了 15 秒适应版本的瓦丁测试。
与安慰剂相比，咖啡因提高了男性（9.9±0.8 对 10.1±0.8 W/kg，p<0.01，d=0.26）和女性（8.8±0.9 对 9.1±0.8 W/kg，p=0.04，d=0.30）在 15 秒瓦丁测试中的峰值功率。咖啡因也能有效提高男性（8.9±0.7 对 9.0±0.7 W/kg，p=0.01，d=0.21）和女性（8.1±0.7 对 8.3±0.7 W/kg，p=0.01，d=0.27）的平均功率。咖啡因对 15 秒瓦丁峰值功率（男性 2.3±3.2%，女性 3.2±2.8%；p=0.46）和平均功率（男性 2.0±1.7%，女性 2.4±2.3%；p=0.93）的促进作用在两性中具有相似的幅度。
急性摄入 3 毫克/公斤体重的咖啡因可增强男性和女性 15 秒适应版本的瓦丁测试中的峰值和平均自行车功率，并且在两性中的促进作用幅度相似。这一信息表明，男性和女性运动员在进行无氧运动时都可能从咖啡因补充中获得类似的益处。
