Lara Beatriz, Gutiérrez Hellín Jorge, Ruíz-Moreno Carlos, Romero-Moraleda Blanca, Del Coso Juan
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, Spain.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Apr;86(4):745-752. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14175. Epub 2020 Jan 6.
In male athletes, caffeine is considered an ergogenic aid to increase anaerobic performance during the Wingate anaerobic test (WANT). However, information about the effect of caffeine on WANT performance in female athletes is contradictory. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the ergogenicity of caffeine is present during all the phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine intake on WANT performance during 3 phases of the menstrual cycle.
Thirteen well-trained eumenorrhoeic triathletes participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over experimental trial. On 2 different days in each phase, and in randomized order, participants ingested caffeine (3 mg kg ) or a placebo (cellulose). The menstrual cycle phases were individually characterized as follows: (i) early follicular; (ii) preovulatory; and (iii) midluteal. In each trial, participants performed a 15-s adapted version of the WANT.
In comparison to the placebo, caffeine increased peak power during the WANT in the early follicular (8.6 ± 0.8 vs 8.9 ± 0.9 W/kg, P = .04; effect size [d] = 0.45), preovulatory (8.6 ± 0.9 vs 8.9 ± 0.9 W/kg, P = .04; d = 0.23) and mid-luteal phases (8.6 ± 0.8 vs 8.9 ± 0.9 W/kg, P < .01; d = 0.52).
The ergogenic effect of caffeine on WANT peak cycling power was of a similar magnitude in the follicular, preovulatory, and mid-luteal phases. These results suggest that caffeine increases performance in the 15-s Wingate test in women athletes and it might be considered an ergogenic aid to increase anaerobic performance in eumenorrhoeic women during their menstrual cycle.
在男性运动员中，咖啡因被认为是一种提高运动能力的辅助剂，可在温盖特无氧测试（WANT）期间增强无氧运动表现。然而，关于咖啡因对女性运动员WANT表现影响的信息相互矛盾。此外，尚不清楚咖啡因的促运动能力作用在月经周期的所有阶段是否都存在。本研究的目的是调查在月经周期的三个阶段摄入咖啡因对WANT表现的影响。
13名训练有素的月经周期正常的铁人三项运动员参与了一项双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉实验试验。在每个阶段的2个不同日子，参与者按随机顺序摄入咖啡因（3毫克/千克）或安慰剂（纤维素）。月经周期阶段分别定义如下：（i）卵泡早期；（ii）排卵前期；（iii）黄体中期。在每次试验中，参与者进行15秒的适应性WANT测试。
与安慰剂相比，咖啡因在卵泡早期（8.6±0.8对8.9±0.9瓦/千克，P = 0.04；效应量[d]=0.45）、排卵前期（8.6±0.9对8.9±0.9瓦/千克，P = 0.04；d = 0.23）和黄体中期阶段（8.6±0.8对8.9±0.9瓦/千克，P < 0.01；d = 0.52）的WANT测试中提高了峰值功率。
咖啡因对WANT峰值骑行功率的促运动能力作用在卵泡期、排卵前期和黄体中期阶段相似。这些结果表明，咖啡因可提高女性运动员在15秒温盖特测试中的表现，并且在月经周期中，它可能被视为一种提高月经周期正常女性无氧运动表现的促运动能力辅助剂。
