Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Org Biomol Chem. 2021 Mar 18;19(10):2076-2095. doi: 10.1039/d0ob02214d.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of non-conventional solvents, which, for almost two decades, have continued to generate burgeoning interest in different fields of present-day chemical research with few similar precedents. Among the various aspects related to ILs, a topic worthy of in-depth analysis is their influence on organic reactivity and reaction rates. In light of this, the present short review aims to provide an overview of the literature from 2010 to the present day that addresses this issue. In particular, we herein present two main different viewpoints by which the solvent effect of ILs is explained: the first is mainly based on considering the bulk polarity of ILs and linear solvation energy relationships, while the other treats ILs as nanostructured fluids. In both cases, studies dealing with IL mixtures are also covered. Finally, literature addressing the area of supramolecular catalysis "by" or "in" ILs is also reported. This is one of the few reviews covering these specific aspects, aiming to provide a useful framework to guide future research into the effects of ILs on organic reactivity.
离子液体（ILs）是一类非常规溶剂，在过去的二十年中，它们在当今化学研究的不同领域继续引起了蓬勃的兴趣，几乎没有类似的先例。在与 ILs 相关的各个方面中，值得深入分析的一个主题是它们对有机反应性和反应速率的影响。有鉴于此，本简短综述旨在概述 2010 年至今涉及该问题的文献。特别是，我们在此提出了两种主要的不同观点来解释 ILs 的溶剂效应：第一种主要基于考虑 ILs 的体相极性和线性溶剂化能量关系，而另一种则将 ILs 视为纳米结构化流体。在这两种情况下，还涵盖了涉及 IL 混合物的研究。最后，还报告了涉及超分子催化的文献“在”或“在”离子液体中。这是少数涵盖这些特定方面的综述之一，旨在为指导未来关于 ILs 对有机反应性影响的研究提供有用的框架。
