Gutsch Carolin, Brinkmann Lisa, Frahm Gesa, Otto Ann-Kathrin, Bischoff Laura Luise, Fenger Annika, Wollesen Bettina
Institut für Bewegungswissenschaft, Universität Hamburg Fakultät für Psychologie und Bewegungswissenschaft, Hamburg, Deutschland.
Institut für Psychologie und Arbeitswissenschaft, FG Biopsychologie und Neuroergonomie, TU Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
Gesundheitswesen. 2022 Apr;84(4):301-309. doi: 10.1055/a-1341-1277. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
Geriatric nursing staff are exposed to high workloads, which often lead to stress, incapacity to work and early retirement. Personal resources can help deal with work demands and can have a positive effect on health. To design tailored interventions, this study aims to identify personal resources of staff and its impact on stress levels.
Data on 195 geriatric nurses (87.4% female, 40.1±12.2 years) were collected using a set of validated questionnaires consisting of Slesina questionnaire, Nordic Questionnaire, SF-12, personal resources (according to WHO criteria), AVEM questionnaire and the SSCS scale of the TICS questionnaire. According to the SSCS scale, nursing staff were divided into stressed and non-stressed. To further investigate potential factors influencing the development of stress, a four-step regression analysis was carried out.
Non-stressed geriatric nursing staff felt less burdened by work-related stress factors, had fewer physical complaints, had higher physical (p<0.001) and mental well-being (p <0.001), better personal resources and healthier work-related behavior and experience. The regression analysis showed that personal resources such as satisfaction with health status, nutritional behavior, frequency of being calm and relaxed, frequency of being full of energy as well as the stress level can improve physical and mental well-being, but cannot decrease the emergence of stress in case of unhealthy work coping behavior (R²=0.760).
When developing stress prevention interventions, the focus should be on strengthening personal resources. In addition, individual work-related behavior and experience patterns should be taken into account.
老年护理人员面临高工作量，这常常导致压力、工作能力丧失和提前退休。个人资源有助于应对工作需求，并对健康产生积极影响。为了设计针对性的干预措施，本研究旨在确定工作人员的个人资源及其对压力水平的影响。
使用一套经过验证的问卷收集了195名老年护士的数据（87.4%为女性，年龄40.1±12.2岁），这些问卷包括斯莱西纳问卷、北欧问卷、SF-12、个人资源（根据世界卫生组织标准）、AVEM问卷和TICS问卷的SSCS量表。根据SSCS量表，将护理人员分为有压力组和无压力组。为了进一步调查影响压力产生的潜在因素，进行了四步回归分析。
无压力的老年护理人员感到与工作相关的压力因素带来的负担较小，身体不适较少，身体（p<0.001）和心理健康状况（p<0.001）更好，个人资源更丰富，工作相关行为和体验更健康。回归分析表明，诸如对健康状况的满意度、营养行为、平静放松的频率、精力充沛的频率等个人资源以及压力水平可以改善身心健康，但在工作应对行为不健康的情况下不能减少压力的出现（R²=0.760）。
在制定压力预防干预措施时应重点加强个人资源。此外，还应考虑个人与工作相关的行为和体验模式。
