Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 19;21(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03114-4.
There is growing evidence for the efficacy of group-based interventions for adults with ADHD. However, there is still a lack of research investigating how clients experience participating in such interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore how adults with ADHD experience participating in a group-based intervention (Goal Management Training) for ADHD.
We conducted individual, semi-structured, interviews with ten adults with ADHD who had participated in Goal Management Training administered as a group intervention. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis within a hermeneutic phenomenological framework.
Our analysis identified three main themes. The participants' starting point captured the participants' motivation and expectations prior to treatment. The ambiguity of the group - the various meanings of the group consisted of three sub-themes (The group created a sense of belonging - "I am not alone"; The personal cost of participating in the group - "At times it was a hot mess"; and The group supported the learning experience - "We worked with it together"). The group promoted positive change - How the group affected the participants' everyday lives consisted of two sub-themes (Managing ADHD in daily life - "It's much easier to handle everyday life", and Personal growth - "Gaining new perspectives").
The group format was experienced as a valuable aspect of treatment. The structure provided by Goal Management Training allowed participants to expand their perspectives and experience improved management of ADHD, as well as personal growth. The opportunity to exchange experiences with others in similar situations was seen as particularly beneficial and brought feelings of recognition and belonging. However, some also experienced the group as a burden at times, for instance by stealing one's focus. This study expands existing knowledge by exploring clients' experiences of participating in group-based interventions for ADHD and shows how the group format provided participants with more than they had hoped for. While expecting a more instrumental outcome of treatment, such as tools to manage ADHD, participants also gained a welcomed, but unexpected outcome of personal growth.
越来越多的证据表明，团体干预对患有 ADHD 的成年人有效。然而，对于客户在参与此类干预时的体验，仍然缺乏研究。本研究的目的是探讨患有 ADHD 的成年人在参与团体干预（目标管理训练）时的体验。
我们对十名参加过团体干预的 ADHD 成年人进行了个人、半结构化、访谈。访谈逐字转录，并在解释学现象学框架内使用主题分析进行分析。
我们的分析确定了三个主要主题。参与者的起点捕捉到了参与者在治疗前的动机和期望。团体的模糊性——团体的各种含义包括三个子主题（团体营造了归属感——“我并不孤单”；参与团体的个人代价——“有时这是一团糟”；团体支持学习体验——“我们一起努力”）。团体促进了积极的变化——团体如何影响参与者的日常生活包括两个子主题（在日常生活中管理 ADHD——“处理日常生活变得容易多了”，和个人成长——“获得新视角”）。
团体形式被体验为治疗的一个有价值的方面。目标管理训练提供的结构使参与者能够扩展他们的视角，并体验到 ADHD 管理的改善以及个人成长。与处于类似情况的其他人交流经验的机会被视为特别有益，并带来了认同感和归属感。然而，有些人有时也觉得团体是一种负担，例如分散注意力。这项研究通过探索客户对 ADHD 团体干预的参与体验，扩展了现有知识，并展示了团体形式如何为参与者提供了比他们预期更多的东西。尽管期望治疗有更具工具性的结果，例如管理 ADHD 的工具，但参与者也获得了意想不到的个人成长。
