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从两个意大利沿海地区的沉积物和浮游动物中分离出的肠球菌中的利奈唑胺耐药基因。

Linezolid Resistance Genes in Enterococci Isolated from Sediment and Zooplankton in Two Italian Coastal Areas.

机构信息

Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.

出版信息

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2021 Apr 13;87(9). doi: 10.1128/AEM.02958-20.

Abstract

Linezolid is a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive organisms; although linezolid resistance remains uncommon, the number of linezolid-resistant enterococci has increased in recent years due to worldwide spread of acquired resistance genes (, , and ) in clinical, animal, and environmental settings. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of linezolid-resistant enterococci in marine samples from two coastal areas in Italy. Isolates grown on florfenicol-supplemented Slanetz-Bartley agar plates were investigated for their carriage of , , and genes; was found in one isolate, was found in three isolates and two isolates, and was not found. Two of the three -carrying isolates and the two isolates showed related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. Two isolates belonged to the new sequence type 1710, which clustered in clonal complex 94, encompassing nosocomial strains. S1 PFGE/hybridization assays showed a double (chromosome and plasmid) location of and a plasmid location of Whole-genome sequencing revealed that was contained in a Tn-like element carried by two plasmids (pEfm-EF3 and pEh-GE2) of similar size, found in different species, and that was flanked by two copies of IS in both plasmids. In mating experiments, all but one strain ( EN3) were able to transfer the gene to 64/3. The occurrence of linezolid resistance genes in enterococci from marine samples is of great concern and highlights the need to improve practices aimed at limiting the transmission of linezolid-resistant strains to humans from environmental reservoirs. Linezolid is one of the few antimicrobials available to treat severe infections due to drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria; therefore, the emergence of linezolid-resistant enterococci carrying transferable resistance determinants is of great concern for public health. Linezolid resistance genes (, , and ), often plasmid located, can be transmitted via horizontal gene transfer and have the potential to spread globally. This study highlights the detection of enterococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from sediment and zooplankton samples from two coastal urban areas in Italy. The presence of clinically relevant resistant bacteria, such as linezolid-resistant enterococci, in marine environments could reflect their spillover from human and/or animal reservoirs and could indicate that coastal seawaters also might represent a source of these resistance genes.

摘要

利奈唑胺是治疗由耐多药革兰阳性菌引起的严重感染的最后手段抗生素;尽管利奈唑胺耐药性仍然很少见,但由于获得性耐药基因(,, 和 )在临床、动物和环境环境中的全球传播,近年来耐利奈唑胺肠球菌的数量有所增加。在这项研究中,我们调查了来自意大利两个沿海地区海洋样本中耐利奈唑胺肠球菌的发生情况。在氟苯尼考补充的 Slanetz-Bartley 琼脂平板上生长的分离物被调查携带 、 、 和 基因的情况;在一个 分离物中发现了 ,在三个 分离物和两个 分离物中发现了 ,而 未发现。三个 携带 基因的分离物中的两个和两个 携带 基因的分离物显示出相关的脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)图谱。两个 分离物属于新的序列类型 1710,聚类于包含医院菌株的克隆复合体 94 中。S1 PFGE/杂交试验显示 和 的双重(染色体和质粒)位置和 的质粒位置 全基因组测序表明 包含在两个大小相似的质粒(pEfm-EF3 和 pEh-GE2)中的Tn 样元件中,发现于不同的物种中,而 在两个质粒中都由两个 IS 拷贝包围。在交配实验中,除一个菌株(EN3)外,所有菌株都能够将 基因转移到 64/3 中。海洋样本中肠球菌中利奈唑胺耐药基因的存在令人非常关注,这凸显了需要改进旨在限制环境储层中耐利奈唑胺菌株向人类传播的做法。利奈唑胺是治疗因耐革兰阳性菌引起的严重感染的少数几种抗生素之一;因此,携带可转移耐药决定因素的耐利奈唑胺肠球菌的出现对公共卫生极为关注。利奈唑胺耐药基因(、、和 ),通常位于质粒上,可通过水平基因转移传播,具有在全球传播的潜力。本研究强调了从意大利两个沿海城市的沉积物和浮游动物样本中检测到携带利奈唑胺耐药基因的肠球菌。耐利奈唑胺肠球菌等临床相关耐药菌存在于海洋环境中,可能反映了它们从人类和/或动物储层溢出的情况,并且表明沿海海水也可能是这些耐药基因的来源。

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