Septiono Wahyu, Kuipers Mirte A G, Ng Nawi, Kunst Anton E
Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Health Communication and Educational Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Tob Control. 2022 Jan;31(1):98-105. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-056080. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
To quantify tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), self-reported exposure from online and offline platforms among adolescents in Indonesia.
A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted in 2017. In total, 2820 students aged 13-18 years were recruited from 22 schools in seven cities. Respondents reported TAPS exposure on online (online news, and ), and offline platforms (broadcast media, tobacco industry sponsored events and outdoor advertising). For outdoor advertisements, respondents reported the locations where they were exposed. We used multilevel analysis to assess TAPS exposure by age, gender, smoking status and city.
Online TAPS exposure was high on (29.6%), and relatively low on (7.3%). Offline TAPS exposure was high via television (74.0%), billboards (54.4%) and live music events (46.2%), but low on radio (6.9%). In all cities, outdoor advertising was seen particularly on the streets and in minimarkets. Overall, TAPS exposure was higher among older than younger adolescents, boys than girls, and smokers than non-smokers.
Overall TAPS exposure was high on both online and offline platforms. Banning online tobacco advertising, in addition to complete bans on outdoor and television advertising, is essential to adequately protect Indonesian adolescents from tobacco advertising.
量化印度尼西亚青少年接触烟草广告、促销和赞助（TAPS）的情况，以及他们自我报告的来自线上和线下平台的接触情况。
2017年开展了一项基于学校的横断面调查。总共从七个城市的22所学校招募了2820名13 - 18岁的学生。受访者报告了他们在在线平台（在线新闻等）和线下平台（广播媒体、烟草行业赞助活动及户外广告）接触TAPS的情况。对于户外广告，受访者报告了他们接触广告的地点。我们采用多水平分析来评估按年龄、性别、吸烟状况和城市划分的TAPS接触情况。
在[具体在线平台名称1]上，青少年在线接触TAPS的比例较高（29.6%），而在[具体在线平台名称2]上相对较低（7.3%）。线下接触TAPS方面，通过电视（74.0%）、广告牌（54.4%）和现场音乐活动（46.2%）的接触比例较高，但通过广播的接触比例较低（6.9%）。在所有城市中，户外广告尤其常见于街道和小型超市。总体而言，年龄较大的青少年比年龄较小的青少年、男孩比女孩、吸烟者比非吸烟者接触TAPS的比例更高。
线上和线下平台上青少年总体接触TAPS的比例都很高。除了全面禁止户外和电视广告外，禁止在线烟草广告对于充分保护印度尼西亚青少年免受烟草广告影响至关重要。
