Laboratory of Herbal Pesticides, Centre of Advanced Study (CAS) in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Mangalkote, Mathrun, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, 713132, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Apr;28(15):18918-18940. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12841-w. Epub 2021 Feb 20.
The control of storage insect pests is largely based on synthetic pesticides. However, due to fast growing resistance in the targeted insects, negative impact on humans and non-target organisms as well as the environment, there is an urgent need to search some safer alternatives of these xenobiotics. Many essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds have received particular attention for application as botanical pesticides, since they exhibited high insecticidal efficacy, diverse mode of action, and favourable safety profiles on mammalian system as well as to the non-target organisms. Data collected from scientific articles show that these EOs and their bioactive compounds exhibited insecticidal activity via fumigant, contact, repellent, antifeedant, ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and larvicidal activity, and by inhibiting/altering important neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and octopamine or neurotransmitter inhibitor γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), as well as by altering the enzymatic [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR)] and non-enzymatic [glutathione (GSH)] antioxidant defence systems. However, in spite of promising pesticidal efficacy against storage pests, the practical application of EOs and their bioactive compounds in real food systems remain rather limited because of their high volatility, poor water solubility and susceptibility towards degradation. Nanoencapsulation/nanoemulsion of EOs is currently considered as a promising tool that improved water solubility, enhanced bio-efficacy, stability and controlled release, thereby expanding their applicability.
储粮害虫的防治主要依赖于合成农药。然而，由于目标昆虫的抗药性迅速增强，对人类和非目标生物以及环境造成负面影响，因此迫切需要寻找这些外来化合物的更安全替代品。许多精油（EOs）及其生物活性化合物因其具有高效的杀虫活性、多种作用方式以及对哺乳动物系统和非目标生物的良好安全性而备受关注，可作为植物性农药使用。从科学文献中收集的数据表明，这些 EOs 及其生物活性化合物通过熏蒸、接触、驱避、拒食、杀卵、产卵抑制和杀幼虫活性发挥杀虫作用，并通过抑制/改变重要的神经递质，如乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和章鱼胺，或神经递质抑制剂 γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），以及改变酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POx）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）]和非酶[谷胱甘肽（GSH）]抗氧化防御系统来发挥作用。然而，尽管这些 EOs 及其生物活性化合物对储粮害虫具有有前景的杀虫效果，但由于其高挥发性、较差的水溶性和易降解性，它们在实际食品系统中的实际应用仍然相当有限。EOs 的纳米包封/纳米乳液化目前被认为是一种很有前途的工具，可以提高水溶性、增强生物功效、稳定性和控制释放，从而扩大其适用性。
