VTI, Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 20;774:145503. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145503. Epub 2021 Feb 7.
In urban environments, particularly areas under reconstruction, metals, organic pollutants (OP), and microplastics (MP), are released in large amounts due to heavy traffic. Road runoff, a major transport route for urban pollutants, contributes significantly to a deteriorated water quality in receiving waters. This study was conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and is unique because it simultaneously investigates the occurrence of OP, metals, and MP on roads and in stormwater from an urban area under reconstruction. Correlations between the various pollutants were also explored. The study was carried out by collecting washwater and sweepsand generated from street sweeping, road surface sampling, and flow-proportional stormwater sampling on several occasions. The liquid and solid samples were analyzed for metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), oxy-PAH, aliphatics, aromatics, phthalates, and MP. The occurrence of OP was also analyzed with a non-target screening method of selected samples. Microplastics, i.e. plastic fragments/fibers, paint fragments, tire wear particles (TWP) and bitumen, were analyzed with a method based on density separation with sodium iodide and identification with a stereo microscope, melt-tests, and tactile identification. MP concentrations amounted to 1500 particles/L in stormwater, 51,000 particles/L in washwater, and 2.6 × 10 particles/kg dw in sweepsand. In stormwater, washwater and sweepsand, MP ≥20 μm were found to be dominated by TWP (38%, 83% and 78%, respectively). The results confirm traffic as an important source to MP, OP, and metal emissions. Concentrations exceeding water and sediment quality guidelines for metals (e.g. Cu and Zn), PAH, phthalates, and aliphatic hydrocarbons in the C-C fraction were found in most samples. The results show that the street sweeper collects large amounts of polluted materials and thereby prevents further spread of the pollutants to the receiving stormwater.
在城市环境中，特别是在重建区域，由于交通繁忙，大量金属、有机污染物（OP）和微塑料（MP）被释放。道路径流是城市污染物的主要运输途径，它对受纳水体水质的恶化有重要贡献。本研究在瑞典哥德堡进行，具有独特性，因为它同时调查了重建区城市道路和雨水口中 OP、金属和 MP 的发生情况。还探讨了各种污染物之间的相关性。该研究通过多次收集来自街道清扫、路面采样和比例式雨水采样的冲洗水和清扫砂来进行。对液体和固体样品进行了金属、多环芳烃（PAH）、含氧 PAH、脂肪族、芳香族、邻苯二甲酸酯和 MP 的分析。还对选定样本进行了非目标筛选方法分析 OP 的发生情况。使用基于碘化钠密度分离和立体显微镜、熔体试验和触觉识别的方法分析微塑料，即塑料碎片/纤维、油漆碎片、轮胎磨损颗粒（TWP）和沥青。雨水、冲洗水中的 MP 浓度分别为 1500 个/升和 51000 个/升，清扫砂中的 MP 浓度为 2.6×10 个/千克干重。在雨水、冲洗水和清扫砂中，MP ≥20μm 主要由 TWP 组成（分别为 38%、83%和 78%）。结果证实，交通是 MP、OP 和金属排放的重要来源。大多数样品中都发现金属（如 Cu 和 Zn）、PAH、邻苯二甲酸酯和 C-C 馏分中的脂肪族烃的浓度超过了水和沉积物质量标准。结果表明，街道清扫机收集了大量受污染的物质，从而防止污染物进一步扩散到受纳雨水。
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