National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
J Travel Med. 2021 Jun 1;28(4). doi: 10.1093/jtm/taab025.
Updated seroprevalence studies of infections in migrants may aid the design of tailored vaccination and prevention programmes. The objective of this study was to describe the seroprevalence rates for potentially transmissible viral infections in migrants attended at a referral centre in a major European city.
Descriptive analysis of seroprevalence of vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable infections in migrants attended at a centre in Madrid, Spain (2018-19). Recorded variables included age, gender, country of birth/continent of origin, time from arrival to Spain until first clinic visit, rubella, measles, mumps, varicella (VZV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV serology.
In total, 468 patients were included, 135 females (28.8%) and 333 males (71.2%), mean age 30.4 years. The majority of patients were from Africa (52.5%, of which 88.2% from sub-Saharan Africa), followed by Latin America (38.5%) and other areas (9%). Seroprevalence for tested migrants for rubella, measles and mumps was < 95% in the group overall (91% rubella, 88% measles, 83% mumps) and lower rates were observed in migrants >20 years (compared with those ≤ 20 years). Over 10% of females were potentially susceptible (negative/indeterminate serology) to rubella (11.4%), measles (12.7%) or mumps (10.3%). Lowest rates of rubella seropositivity were in Latin American migrants (over 12% potentially susceptible); measles and mumps seropositivity was lowest in migrants from areas other than Africa/Latin America (74% and 68%, respectively). Seroprevalence rates were 91% for VZV, 90% overall for HAV, 6% for HBV chronic infection (50% of migrants tested susceptible), 2% for HCV and 6% for HIV.
Differences in seroprevalence for vaccine-preventable and transmissible infections according to gender, age range and area of origin were observed. Tailored screening, vaccination and prevention strategies in potentially vulnerable migrant groups should be designed.
更新移民感染的血清流行率研究结果可能有助于制定针对特定人群的疫苗接种和预防计划。本研究的目的是描述在西班牙马德里一家转诊中心就诊的移民中潜在可传播病毒感染的血清流行率。
对西班牙马德里一家中心就诊的移民的疫苗可预防和非疫苗可预防感染的血清流行率进行描述性分析（2018-19 年）。记录的变量包括年龄、性别、原籍国/原籍大陆、自抵达西班牙至首次就诊的时间、风疹、麻疹、腮腺炎、水痘（VZV）、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和 HIV 血清学。
共纳入 468 例患者，其中 135 例为女性（28.8%），333 例为男性（71.2%），平均年龄为 30.4 岁。大多数患者来自非洲（52.5%，其中 88.2%来自撒哈拉以南非洲），其次是拉丁美洲（38.5%）和其他地区（9%）。风疹、麻疹和腮腺炎的血清流行率在总体检测移民中均<95%（风疹 91%，麻疹 88%，腮腺炎 83%），且 20 岁以上移民的流行率较低（与 20 岁以下移民相比）。超过 10%的女性对风疹（11.4%）、麻疹（12.7%）或腮腺炎（10.3%）呈潜在易感性（血清学阴性/不确定）。拉丁美洲移民的风疹血清阳性率最低（超过 12%的人可能易受感染）；麻疹和腮腺炎血清阳性率在来自非洲/拉丁美洲以外地区的移民中最低（分别为 74%和 68%）。水痘的血清流行率为 91%，甲型肝炎总体流行率为 90%，HBV 慢性感染的流行率约为 6%（约 50%的移民检测为易感），丙型肝炎的流行率为 2%，HIV 的流行率为 6%。
根据性别、年龄范围和原籍地区，观察到疫苗可预防和可传播感染的血清流行率存在差异。应针对潜在脆弱移民群体设计有针对性的筛查、疫苗接种和预防策略。
