Alhammoud Marine, Racinais Sebastien, Dorel Sylvain, Guilhem Gaël, Hautier Christophe André, Morel Baptiste
Medical Department, French Ski Federation, Annecy, France.
University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Sports Biomech. 2024 Mar;23(3):335-346. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1862902. Epub 2021 Feb 21.
This study characterised the thigh muscle-tendon unit length variations (MTUv) in elite alpine skiing. MTUv were modelled for seven muscles from knee and hip angles in 17 national team skiers during 1602 cycles (546 Slalom (SL), 908 Giant-Slalom (GS), 136 Super-Giant (SG) and 12 Downhill (DH) cycles). The biarticular showed a dynamic pattern on both legs, especially in SL. On the other side, displayed a stable length on the inside leg in all disciplines (37-46% of the cycle), contrasting with their dynamic behaviour on the outside leg being quasi-static for only 3% (SL) to 27% (DH) of the cycle. SL showed the largest amplitude of MTUv followed by GS, SG and DH. For , MTUv was ~60%Lr.s in SL but only ~12%Lr.s in DH. In SL, a fine desynchronisation between both joints led to nearly constant MTUv (slow lengthening lasting ~45-51% of the cycle) for the biarticular hamstrings separated by faster variations during turn switch from outside to inside leg. In summary, biarticular MTUv were not characterised by single-joint behaviours, suggesting that extrapolating contraction regimen from knee joint only is not accurate in alpine skiing.
本研究对优秀高山滑雪运动员大腿肌肉 - 肌腱单元长度变化（MTUv）进行了特征分析。对17名国家队滑雪运动员在1602个周期（546个回转（SL）、908个大回转（GS）、136个超级大回转（SG）和12个速降（DH）周期）中的膝关节和髋关节角度下的七块肌肉的MTUv进行了建模。双关节肌肉在双腿上均呈现动态模式，尤其是在回转项目中。另一方面，[此处原文缺失具体肌肉名称]在内侧腿上在所有项目中长度稳定（占周期的37 - 46%），而其在外侧腿上的动态行为在周期中仅3%（回转）至27%（速降）为准静态。回转项目中MTUv的幅度最大，其次是大回转、超级大回转和速降项目。对于[此处原文缺失具体肌肉名称]，MTUv在回转项目中约为60%Lr.s，但在速降项目中仅约为12%Lr.s。在回转项目中，两个关节之间的细微不同步导致双关节腘绳肌的MTUv几乎恒定（缓慢延长持续约占周期的45 - 51%），而在从外侧腿转向内侧腿的转弯切换过程中伴有更快的变化。总之，双关节MTUv并非以单关节行为为特征，这表明仅从膝关节推断收缩方式在高山滑雪中并不准确。
