Calegar Deiviane Aparecida, Bacelar Polyanna Araújo Alves, Evangelista Brenda Bulsara Costa, Monteiro Kerla Joeline Lima, Dos Santos Jéssica Pereira, Almeida Mayron Morais, Bóia Márcio Neves, Carvalho-Costa Filipe Anibal
Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
J Trop Med. 2021 Feb 4;2021:6610181. doi: 10.1155/2021/6610181. eCollection 2021.
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are poverty-related diseases with high prevalence rates in developing countries. The present study aims to describe the epidemiological scenario of STHs in an urban population in the Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey ( = 349 children aged 1-15 years) was carried out to obtain faecal samples and sociodemographic and sanitation data. Among the children, 143 (41%) were positive for at least one STH. Prevalence rates of infections by , , and hookworms were 24.4%, 42.6%, and 9%, respectively. A logistic regression multivariate model showed that infection with is significantly more frequent in children aged 11-15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15-4.94; =0.018) and the presence of latrines inside houses is a protection factor against ascariasis (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17-0.85; =0.019). Positivity for is higher in the 5-10 (OR = 3.31; 95% IC = 1.85-5.89; =0.001) and 11-15 age groups (OR = 3.16; 95% IC = 1.66-6.00; =0.001), in children living in poor families (OR = 1.78; 95% IC = 1.01-3.14; =0.045) and practicing open evacuation (OR = 2.07; 95% IC = 1.07-3.99; =0.029). Hookworm infection is more frequent in children aged 11-15 years (OR = 6.70; 95% IC = 1.91-23.43; =0.002), males (OR = 6.35; 95% IC = 2.00-20.14; =0.002), and those living in stilt houses (OR = 3.52; 95% IC = 1.22-10.12; =0.019). The use of albendazole in the last six months was a protection factor against hookworm infection (OR = 0.31; 95% IC = 0.10-0.96; =0.042). The proportion of mild, moderate, and severe infections was 55.2%, 37.8%, and 7%, respectively, for , 72.4%, 24.3%, and 3.3% for , and 93.8%, 3.1%, and 3.1% for hookworms. Significantly higher worm burdens in and hookworm infections were associated with practicing open defecation and living in stilt houses. The data points to the need to improve sanitation infrastructure in Amazonian cities with similar sociodemographic and environmental characteristics.
土壤传播的蠕虫病（STHs）是与贫困相关的疾病，在发展中国家患病率很高。本研究旨在描述巴西亚马逊地区城市人口中STHs的流行病学情况。开展了一项横断面调查（n = 349名1至15岁儿童），以获取粪便样本以及社会人口统计学和卫生设施数据。在这些儿童中，143名（41%）至少感染一种STH呈阳性。蛔虫、鞭虫和钩虫的感染率分别为24.4%、42.6%和9%。逻辑回归多变量模型显示，11至15岁儿童感染蛔虫的情况明显更频繁（优势比[OR]=2.38；95%置信区间[CI]=1.15 - 4.94；P = 0.018），房屋内有厕所是预防蛔虫病的保护因素（OR = 0.38；95% CI = 0.17 - 0.85；P = 0.019）。鞭虫感染阳性率在5至10岁（OR = 3.31；95% IC = 1.85 - 5.89；P = 0.001）和11至15岁年龄组（OR = 3.16；95% IC = 1.66 - 6.00；P = 0.001）更高，在贫困家庭儿童中（OR = 1.78；95% IC = 1.01 - 3.14；P = 0.045）以及进行露天排便的儿童中（OR = 2.07；95% IC = 1.07 - 3.99；P = 0.029）也更高。钩虫感染在11至15岁儿童中（OR = 6.70；95% IC = 1.91 - 23.43；P = 0.002）、男性（OR = 6.35；95% IC = 2.00 - 20.14；P = 0.002）以及居住在高脚屋中的儿童中（OR = 3.52；95% IC = 1.22 - 10.12；P = 0.019）更频繁。在过去六个月使用阿苯达唑是预防钩虫感染的保护因素（OR = 0.31；95% IC = 0.10 - 0.96；P = 0.042）。蛔虫感染的轻度、中度和重度感染比例分别为55.2%、37.8%和7%，鞭虫感染分别为72.4%、24.3%和3.3%，钩虫感染分别为93.8%、3.1%和3.1%。蛔虫和钩虫感染中明显更高的虫负荷与露天排便和居住在高脚屋有关。数据表明，在具有类似社会人口统计学和环境特征的亚马逊城市，需要改善卫生基础设施。
