Andrukonis Allison, Brown Kelsea M, Hall Nathaniel J, Protopopova Alexandra
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Department of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2021 Feb 1;8:627580. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.627580. eCollection 2021.
Animal shelters provide an ideal environment for the spread of disease. Dogs are often housed in close quarters with others of unknown vaccine histories, and experience high levels of sustained stress. As a result, Canine Infection Respiratory Disease (CIRD) is often prevalent and difficult to control. The aims of this study were to (1) identify specific pathogens responsible for CIRD in a city shelter in West Texas, USA, and (2) determine whether intake vaccinations decrease proportion of dogs exhibiting signs of CIRD even during an outbreak. A laboratory analysis of conjunctival, pharyngeal, and nasal swabs ( = 15 dogs) and fecal samples ( = 6 kennels) showed prevalence of various CIRD pathogens (e.g., canine adenovirus-2, canine parainfluenza virus, canine distemper virus). All fifteen dogs tested positive for at least one pathogen, with the most prevalent pathogen being Canine Distemper Virus (CDV; = 12). All of the kennels (n=6) tested positive for Canine Distemper Virus. Health data on dogs ( = 1,258) over the age of 6 weeks were assessed from May to August 2017. Beginning in July, both stray and owner-surrendered dogs were vaccinated with Nobivac Canine 1-DAPPv 5 Way and Nobivac Intra-Trac 3 upon intake, which differed from the previous policy. For each day in the study, we calculated the proportion of dogs in each nasal discharge category, the proportion of dogs observed coughing, and the mean fecal score across all dogs. We conducted a linear regression between the proportion of the shelter vaccinated and the proportion of dogs coughing. At the beginning of the vaccination phase, ~25% of the dogs were coughing. However, as the proportion of the dogs vaccinated increased, the proportion of dogs coughing decreased. There was a significant decrease of 7% of the proportion of dogs coughing when vaccination was at least at 90% compared to when it was <90%. These data suggest that the shelter in this study was experiencing a CIRD outbreak, with CDV being primary pathogen, and that it is possible to substantially reduce illness by implementing a vaccination on intake protocol. The current study provides support for the importance of vaccination in animal shelter welfare.
动物收容所为疾病传播提供了理想环境。狗常常与疫苗接种史不明的其他狗近距离饲养在一起，且承受着高水平的持续压力。因此，犬感染性呼吸道疾病（CIRD）往往很普遍且难以控制。本研究的目的是：（1）在美国得克萨斯州西部的一个城市收容所中，确定导致CIRD的特定病原体；（2）确定即使在疾病爆发期间，收容时接种疫苗是否会降低出现CIRD症状的狗的比例。对结膜、咽和鼻拭子（n = 15只狗）以及粪便样本（n = 6个犬舍）进行的实验室分析显示，存在多种CIRD病原体（例如犬腺病毒2型、犬副流感病毒、犬瘟热病毒）。所有15只狗至少对一种病原体检测呈阳性，最常见的病原体是犬瘟热病毒（CDV；n = 12）。所有犬舍（n = 6）对犬瘟热病毒检测均呈阳性。评估了2017年5月至8月期间6周龄以上狗（n = 1258只）的健康数据。从7月开始，流浪狗和主人送来的狗在收容时均接种了五联犬用疫苗Nobivac Canine 1 - DAPPv和鼻内用三联疫苗Nobivac Intra - Trac 3，这与之前的政策不同。在研究的每一天，我们计算了处于每种鼻分泌物分类的狗的比例、观察到咳嗽的狗的比例以及所有狗的平均粪便评分。我们对收容所中接种疫苗的狗的比例与咳嗽的狗的比例之间进行了线性回归分析。在疫苗接种阶段开始时，约25%的狗在咳嗽。然而，随着接种疫苗的狗的比例增加，咳嗽的狗的比例下降。与接种率低于90%时相比，接种率至少达到90%时，咳嗽的狗的比例显著下降了7%。这些数据表明，本研究中的收容所正在经历CIRD爆发，CDV是主要病原体，并且通过实施收容时接种疫苗的方案有可能大幅减少疾病。当前研究为疫苗接种对动物收容所福利的重要性提供了支持。
