新手驾驶员取得驾驶执照时间延迟与驾驶时受药物影响和与受药物影响的驾驶员同车驾驶之间的关联。
Association between a delay in driving licensure and driving while impaired and riding with an impaired driver among emerging adults.
机构信息
Department of Emergency Medicine, Developmental Neurocognitive Driving Simulation Research Center (DrivSim Lab), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
出版信息
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2021 Apr;45(4):793-801. doi: 10.1111/acer.14585. Epub 2021 Apr 3.
BACKGROUND
Teens who delay driving licensure may not be subject to graduated driver licensing restrictions that are known to reduce crash risk. We explored the association of delay in licensure with driving while impaired (DWI) and riding with an impaired driver (RWI) among emerging adults.
METHODS
Data from the NEXT Generation Health Study, starting with 10th grade (2009-2010), were analyzed. The outcome variables were Wave 7 (W7) self-reported DWI and RWI as dichotomous variables. The independent variable was delay in licensure. Covariates included sex, urbanicity, race/ethnicity, family structure, parent education, family affluence, teen's highest education, minimum legal drinking age laws, and onset age of alcohol use. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were conducted.
RESULTS
Of 2525 participants eligible for licensure, 887 reported a delay in licensure by 1-2 years (38.9%, weighted) and 1078 by > 2 years (30.3% weighted) across 7 waves. In W7, 23.5% (weighted and hereafter, 5.6% once, 17.8% ≥twice) of participants reported DWI and 32.42% (5.6% once, 25.4% ≥twice) reported RWI. Logistic regressions showed no overall significant association of delay in licensure with either W7 RWI or W7 DWI. However, in stratified analyses, among African American youth, delay in licensure was positively associated with DWI (OR = 2.41, p = 0.03) and RWI (OR = 2.72, p = 0.05). Among those with ≤ high school or lower education by W7, delayed licensure was positively associated with RWI (OR = 2.51, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
While in the overall sample, delayed licensure did not appear to be associated with DWI or RWI, our findings suggest that delayed licensure may be of concern to teen risk of DWI and RWI among African Americans and among those with lower educational attainment. Furthermore, as two-thirds of youth delayed licensure, more research is needed to determine whether this is more of a positive (i.e., protective) factor by reducing their exposure to crash risk or a negative (i.e., risk) factor due to their missing important driver safety stages of graduated driver licensing.
背景
延迟获得驾照的青少年可能不会受到已被证明可降低事故风险的分级驾照限制的约束。我们研究了延迟获得驾照与青少年驾驶时受影响（DWI）和骑乘受影响司机（RWI）之间的关系。
方法
对 NEXT 代健康研究的数据进行了分析，该研究始于 10 年级（2009-2010 年）。结果变量为第 7 波（W7）自我报告的 DWI 和 RWI，作为二项变量。自变量是获得驾照的延迟。协变量包括性别、城市化程度、种族/民族、家庭结构、父母教育程度、家庭富裕程度、青少年的最高教育程度、法定最低饮酒年龄法和饮酒起始年龄。进行了描述性分析和逻辑回归。
结果
在 2525 名符合条件的参与者中，有 887 名（加权比例为 38.9%）报告说获得驾照的延迟为 1-2 年，有 1078 名（加权比例为 30.3%）延迟超过 2 年。在 W7 中，有 23.5%（加权比例，以下简称 5.6%一次，17.8%≥两次）的参与者报告了 DWI，有 32.42%（5.6%一次，25.4%≥两次）报告了 RWI。逻辑回归显示，获得驾照的延迟与 W7 的 RWI 或 W7 的 DWI 之间没有总体显著关联。然而，在分层分析中，对于非裔美国青少年来说，获得驾照的延迟与 DWI（OR=2.41，p=0.03）和 RWI（OR=2.72，p=0.05）呈正相关。在 W7 中，那些接受过高中或以下教育的人，获得驾照的延迟与 RWI 呈正相关（OR=2.51，p<0.01）。
结论
虽然在总体样本中，获得驾照的延迟似乎与 DWI 或 RWI 无关，但我们的研究结果表明，获得驾照的延迟可能是非裔美国青少年和教育程度较低的青少年发生 DWI 和 RWI 的风险因素。此外，由于三分之二的青少年延迟获得驾照，因此需要进行更多的研究，以确定这是由于减少了他们接触事故风险的机会，从而成为一个更积极（即保护）的因素，还是由于他们错过了分级驾照的重要司机安全阶段而成为一个更消极（即风险）的因素。
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