Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health; George Washington Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Global Health Design, Monitoring & Evaluation, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2022 May;83(3):342-351. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2022.83.342.
Little research has examined psychosocial influences differentially associated with driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana (DUIA/DUIM) or of being a passenger in a vehicle driven by someone under the influence of alcohol or marijuana (PVA/PVM).
Using 2019 survey data among 2,375 young adults ( age = 24.66, 57.7% female, 51.2% in states with legal marijuana retail) in a longitudinal study examining vaping retail, we conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to identify classes of DUI-related behaviors and multinomial logistic regression to identify correlates of classes (e.g., individual, interpersonal, policy related).
A total of 22.6% reported past-month DUIA, 24.1% DUIM, 29.7% PVA, and 27.7% PVM. Of those reporting DUIA, 41.4% reported DUIM, 71.8% PVA, and 40.7% PVM. Of those reporting DUIM, 47.7% reported DUIA, 49.6% PVA, and 83.8% PVM. LCA indicated four classes: alcohol and marijuana risk takers (5.9%), all of whom reported DUIA and DUIM, 81.2% PVA, and 89.2% PVM; marijuana risk takers (14.2%), 45.1% DUIM, 100% PVM, 7.8% PVA, and 0% DUIA; alcohol risk takers (24.1%), 40.1% DUIA, 98.6% PVA, 2.6% DUIM, and 33.8% PVM; and low risk takers (55.8%), 8.7% DUIA, 4.5% DUIM, and 0% PVA/PVM. Relative to the other classes, alcohol and marijuana risk takers were more likely male, heterosexual, and White, and alcohol and marijuana risk takers reported greater depressive symptoms. Influences of parent/peer alcohol versus marijuana use were specific to the respective DUI risk behaviors. No differences emerged for legal marijuana retail.
Findings regarding those at particular risk, social influences, and situations under which DUI-related behaviors occur should inform future interventions and research.
鲜有研究从心理学社会影响角度，分别考察与酒后驾车和吸食大麻（DUIA/DUIM）相关的因素，或与作为被酒驾或毒驾者（PVA/PVM）的乘客相关的因素。
利用 2019 年在一项纵向研究中采集的 2375 名年轻成年人（年龄=24.66，57.7%为女性，51.2%所在州有合法的大麻零售）的调查数据，我们采用潜在类别分析（LCA）来识别与 DUI 相关行为的类别，并采用多项逻辑回归来识别类别相关的因素（例如，个体、人际间、政策相关因素）。
22.6%的参与者报告过去一个月有 DUIA，24.1%的参与者报告 DUIM，29.7%的参与者报告 PVA，27.7%的参与者报告 PVM。在报告 DUIA 的参与者中，41.4%的参与者报告 DUIM，71.8%的参与者报告 PVA，40.7%的参与者报告 PVM。在报告 DUIM 的参与者中，47.7%的参与者报告 DUIA，49.6%的参与者报告 PVA，83.8%的参与者报告 PVM。潜在类别分析表明有四个类别：酒精和大麻风险承担者（5.9%），他们均报告有 DUIA 和 DUIM，81.2%的参与者报告 PVA，89.2%的参与者报告 PVM；大麻风险承担者（14.2%），45.1%的参与者报告 DUIM，100%的参与者报告 PVM，7.8%的参与者报告 PVA，0%的参与者报告 DUIA；酒精风险承担者（24.1%），40.1%的参与者报告 DUIA，98.6%的参与者报告 PVA，2.6%的参与者报告 DUIM，33.8%的参与者报告 PVM；低风险承担者（55.8%），8.7%的参与者报告 DUIA，4.5%的参与者报告 DUIM，0%的参与者报告 PVA/PVM。与其他类别相比，酒精和大麻风险承担者更可能为男性、异性恋者和白人，且酒精和大麻风险承担者报告了更多的抑郁症状。父母/同伴饮酒与大麻使用的影响分别与各自的 DUI 风险行为有关。合法的大麻零售对结果没有影响。
这些关于特定风险人群、社会影响因素以及 DUI 相关行为发生的情境的发现，应该为未来的干预和研究提供信息。
