Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; GlycoDisplay ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Biol Chem. 2021 Jan-Jun;296:100448. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100448. Epub 2021 Feb 20.
Advances in nuclease-based gene-editing technologies have enabled precise, stable, and systematic genetic engineering of glycosylation capacities in mammalian cells, opening up a plethora of opportunities for studying the glycome and exploiting glycans in biomedicine. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic approaches has a long history, and precise gene editing provides a nearly unlimited playground for stable engineering of glycosylation in mammalian cells to explore and dissect the glycome and its many biological functions. Genetic engineering of glycosylation in cells also brings studies of the glycome to the single cell level and opens up wider use and integration of data in traditional omics workflows in cell biology. The last few years have seen new applications of glycoengineering in mammalian cells with perspectives for wider use in basic and applied glycosciences, and these have already led to discoveries of functions of glycans and improved designs of glycoprotein therapeutics. Here, we review the current state of the art of genetic glycoengineering in mammalian cells and highlight emerging opportunities.
基于核酸酶的基因编辑技术的进步使哺乳动物细胞中糖基化能力的精确、稳定和系统的遗传工程成为可能，为研究聚糖和在生物医学中利用聚糖开辟了大量机会。使用化学、酶和遗传方法进行糖基工程已有很长的历史，而精确的基因编辑为在哺乳动物细胞中稳定工程化糖基化提供了几乎无限的游乐场，以探索和剖析聚糖及其许多生物学功能。细胞中糖基化的遗传工程也将聚糖的研究带到了单细胞水平，并在细胞生物学的传统组学工作流程中开辟了更广泛的使用和整合数据的途径。在过去的几年中，糖基工程在哺乳动物细胞中的新应用具有更广泛地应用于基础和应用糖科学的前景，这已经导致了对聚糖功能的发现和糖蛋白治疗药物设计的改进。在这里，我们回顾了哺乳动物细胞中遗传糖基工程的最新进展，并强调了新的机会。
