Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen/Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2021;431:1-23. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_1.
Zoonotic Campylobacter species-mainly C. jejuni and C. coli-are major causes of food-borne bacterial infectious gastroenteritis worldwide. Symptoms of intestinal campylobacteriosis include abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever. The clinical course of enteritis is generally self-limiting, but some infected individuals develop severe post-infectious sequelae including autoimmune disorders affecting the nervous system, the joints and the intestinal tract. Moreover, in immunocompromised individuals, systemic spread of the pathogens may trigger diseases of the circulatory system and septicemia. The socioeconomic costs associated with Campylobacter infections have been calculated to several billion dollars annually. Poultry meat products represent major sources of human infections. Thus, a "One World-One Health" approach with collective efforts of public health authorities, veterinarians, clinicians, researchers and politicians is required to reduce the burden of campylobacteriosis. Innovative intervention regimes for the prevention of Campylobacter contaminations along the food chain include improvements of information distribution to strengthen hygiene measures for agricultural remediation. Given that elimination of Campylobacter from the food production chains is not feasible, novel intervention strategies fortify both the reduction of pathogen contamination in food production and the treatment of the associated diseases in humans. This review summarizes some current trends in the combat of Campylobacter infections including the combination of public health and veterinary preventive approaches with consumer education. The "One World-One Health" perspective is completed by clinical aspects and molecular concepts of human campylobacteriosis offering innovative treatment options supported by novel murine infection models that are based on the essential role of innate immune activation by bacterial endotoxins.
人畜共患弯曲菌属（主要是空肠弯曲菌和大肠弯曲菌）是全世界食源性细菌感染性胃肠炎的主要原因。肠道弯曲菌病的症状包括腹痛、腹泻和发热。肠炎的临床病程通常是自限性的，但一些感染的个体会发展为严重的感染后后遗症，包括影响神经系统、关节和肠道的自身免疫性疾病。此外，在免疫功能低下的个体中，病原体的全身扩散可能会引发循环系统疾病和败血症。与弯曲菌感染相关的社会经济学成本每年计算为数亿美元。禽肉产品是人类感染的主要来源。因此，需要公共卫生当局、兽医、临床医生、研究人员和政治家共同努力，采取“一个世界、一个健康”的方法来减轻弯曲菌病的负担。预防食物链中弯曲菌污染的创新干预措施包括改进信息传播，以加强农业修复的卫生措施。鉴于从食品生产链中消除弯曲菌是不可行的，新的干预策略加强了减少食品生产中病原体污染和治疗相关人类疾病的措施。本文综述了一些防治弯曲菌感染的最新趋势，包括公共卫生和兽医预防措施与消费者教育相结合。“一个世界、一个健康”的观点通过临床方面和人类弯曲菌病的分子概念得到了补充，这些概念提供了创新的治疗选择，这些选择得到了基于细菌内毒素对固有免疫激活的重要作用的新型小鼠感染模型的支持。
