Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
J Prev Med Hyg. 2021 Jan 14;61(4):E578-E583. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.4.1512. eCollection 2020 Dec.
As the population ages, the impact of asthma in the elderly is expected to be enhanced over the forthcoming decades. We investigated the prevalence of asthma and its socioeconomic factors in the elderly, Shiraz, Iran.
In this population-based study, 1527 subjects older than 60 years were selected based on the stratified random sampling method. The data on asthma symptoms, current asthma, physician diagnose asthma, and allergic rhinitis were collected using the translated ECRHS (European Community Respiratory Health Survey) questionnaire. Information on individual socioeconomic status was derived from the participants' self-reported educational level and their occupation, income, and residence. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
The prevalence of asthma, current asthma, physician diagnose asthma, and allergic rhinitis was found to be 8.97, 6.81, 4.78 and, 23.51%, respectively. The most common asthma symptoms were nocturnal chest tightness (15.52%, n = 237/1,527). In univariate analysis, the prevalence of asthma was higher in illiterate patients (12.7%), subjects with the lowest income level (10.6%), and patients living in urban areas (24.1%). Having age more than 80 (OR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.10-3.65), being a current smoker (OR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.69-4.51) and living in a suburban area (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.20-7.50) were significant predictive factors for asthma in the regression model.
Asthma and allergic rhinitis in the elderly should be more focus in the southwest of Iran. Moreover, our findings highlighted the effect of socio- economic status, disparities and inequality on community health.
随着人口老龄化，预计未来几十年哮喘在老年人中的影响将会增强。我们研究了伊朗设拉子老年人哮喘的患病率及其社会经济因素。
在这项基于人群的研究中，我们采用分层随机抽样方法选择了 1527 名年龄在 60 岁以上的受试者。使用经过翻译的 ECRHS（欧洲社区呼吸健康调查）问卷收集哮喘症状、当前哮喘、医生诊断哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的数据。个体社会经济状况的信息来自参与者的自我报告的教育水平及其职业、收入和住所。p 值小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
我们发现哮喘、当前哮喘、医生诊断哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患病率分别为 8.97%、6.81%、4.78%和 23.51%。最常见的哮喘症状是夜间胸闷（15.52%，n=237/1527）。在单因素分析中，哮喘的患病率在文盲患者（12.7%）、收入最低的患者（10.6%）和居住在城市地区的患者（24.1%）中较高。年龄大于 80 岁（OR=2.01；95%CI=1.10-3.65）、当前吸烟者（OR=2.76；95%CI=1.69-4.51）和居住在郊区（OR=3.01；95%CI=1.20-7.50）是回归模型中哮喘的显著预测因素。
伊朗西南部应该更加关注老年人的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎。此外，我们的研究结果强调了社会经济地位、差异和不平等对社区健康的影响。
