Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States; Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States.
Brain Res. 2021 May 15;1759:147386. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147386. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The "neural noise" hypothesis suggests that individuals with dyslexia have high glutamate concentrations associated with their reading challenges. Different reading intervention programs have showed low GLX (a combined measure for glutamine and glutamate obtained with in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in association with reading improvement. Several studies demonstrated improved reading and increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex following an-executive-function (EF)-based reading intervention. The goals of the current study are two-fold: 1) to determine if the effect of the EF-based reading program extends also to the metabolite concentrations and in particular, on the GLX concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex; 2) to expand the neural noise hypothesis in dyslexia also to neural networks supporting additional parts of the reading networks, i.e. in specific regions related to executive function skills.
Children with dyslexia and typical readers were trained on the EF-based reading program. Reading ability was assessed before and after training while spectroscopy data was obtained at the end of the program. The association between change in reading scores following intervention and GLX concentrations was examined.
Greater "gains" in word reading were associated with low GLX, Glu, Cr, and NAA concentrations for children with dyslexia compared to typical readers.
These results suggest that the improvement reported following the EF-based reading intervention program also involved a low GLX concentration, as well as additional metabolites previously associated with better reading ability (Glx, Cr, NAA) which may point at the decreased neural noise, especially in the anterior cingulate cortex, as a possible mechanism for the effect of this program.
背景/目的：“神经噪声”假说表明，阅读障碍者的谷氨酸浓度较高，与阅读挑战有关。不同的阅读干预计划表明，GLX（体内磁共振波谱获得的谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸的综合测量值）与阅读能力提高相关。几项研究表明，在基于执行功能（EF）的阅读干预之后，前扣带皮层的阅读和激活得到了改善。本研究的目的有两个：1）确定基于 EF 的阅读计划的效果是否也扩展到代谢物浓度，特别是前扣带皮层的 GLX 浓度；2）将神经噪声假说扩展到阅读障碍者的神经网络，即支持阅读网络的其他部分，即与执行功能技能相关的特定区域。
阅读障碍儿童和典型阅读者接受基于 EF 的阅读计划训练。在训练前后评估阅读能力，同时在计划结束时获取光谱数据。检查干预后阅读成绩变化与 GLX 浓度之间的关系。
与典型阅读者相比，阅读障碍者的单词阅读“提高”与 GLX、Glu、Cr 和 NAA 浓度较低有关。
这些结果表明，报告的基于 EF 的阅读干预计划的改善还涉及 GLX 浓度较低，以及以前与更好的阅读能力相关的其他代谢物（Glx、Cr、NAA），这可能表明神经噪声降低，尤其是在前扣带皮层，作为该计划效果的可能机制。
